Примери за използване на Counterfactual на Английски и техните преводи на Български
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DG REGIO agrees on the further expansion of the use of counterfactual analysis.
There was not clear counterfactual against which to quantify the expected impacts.
The interim and final evaluations carried out by the Commission did not analyse the counterfactual scenario.
Alternative,”“virtual” or“counterfactual” history is a form of history which attempts to answer“what if” questions.
The measurement of net employment effects can be measured by counterfactual impact evaluations.
Correct identification of the counterfactual scenario is key to determining whether or not State aid has an incentive effect.
Managing authorities have to carry out impact evaluation,albeit not necessarily counterfactual evaluations.
The counterfactual scenario(a financial system collapse) would have brought about far more significant financial, economic and social costs.
The Commission still has to prove that it monitors the results at project level and the performing of counterfactual evaluations.
Incentive effect is identified by counterfactual analysis, comparing the levels of intended activity with aid and without aid.
Commission support willcontinue through facilitating and running a community of practice on counterfactual impact evaluation.
The incentive effect is identified through counterfactual analysis, comparing the levels of intended activity with aid and without aid.
DG EMPL guidance on ESF evaluation for the 2014-2020 period will encourage Member States to carry out counterfactual/control group evaluations.
A counterfactual analysis can only be carried out a few years after the financial end of the programme, which can sometimes come more than two decades after its launch.
For the purposes of paragraph 5, the cost of the investment directly related to environmental protection shall be established by reference to the counterfactual situation.
The Commission funded eight pilot counterfactual impact evaluations on ESF interventions in Spain, Italy(two projects), Estonia, Portugal(two projects), Lithuania and Slovakia.
For the monitoring and evaluation of performance, the Commission uses a wide range of data to assess this(e.g. through external studies, surveys,case studies, counterfactual analysis etc.).
The Commission has intensively promoted the conduct of counterfactual impact evaluations so as to estimate net effects of the ESF, which is facilitated by the collection and storage of individual data on participants.
On a positive note, the EIF published a series of working papers on the economic contribution of EIF-backed investments and the performance of supported start-ups26,including a counterfactual analysis.
In 2011, an EU-funded research project25 performed such a counterfactual analysis, which considered venture capital from all sources(not only from the EU), and companies from seven Member States and one non-EU country.
Through the ESF evaluation partnership and through other activities, such as the support provided through CRIE(Centre for Research on Impact Evaluation)promoting the use of counterfactual impact evaluations.
The Commission has however been promoting the use of counterfactual impact evaluations through organising awareness-raising and capacity-building events and setting up the Centre for Research on Impact Evaluation.
The EFSI interim evaluation recommended clarifying the impact of the initiative on the financial market and,in particular, the effect on market failure and possible crowding-out by using counterfactual scenarios.
Nevertheless, in the context of the ex-post evaluation of ERDF and CF interventions 2007-2013,the Commission has commissioned studies of counterfactual analyses in order to estimate the impacts of cohesion policy on regional economic growth for the period 2007-2013.
The effect is defined as the difference between what happened after the implementation of a policy(factual situation) andwhat would have happened if that same policy had not been realised(counterfactual situation).
Their second and third pleas as regards the claims that the Commission haderred in law or faced serious difficulties concerning the incentive effect of the aid, the counterfactual scenario that the Commission had relied upon for its assessment of the necessity of the aid and the conclusion that the aid granted to Femern A/S does not cause undue distortions of competition;
According to the EEA Scientific Committee,“[t]he basic error in the assumption of general carbon neutrality of biomass is the failure to count the production anduses of biomass that land would generate if not used for bioenergy(the counterfactual).
To improve its evaluations, the Commission should:(b) ensure the collection of relevant data for the evaluators to focus on the effectiveness of support,using counterfactual analysis where appropriate;(c) conduct retrospective evaluations a certain time after the investment period for ESU 1998, ESU 2001 and GIF, to allow for a meaningful conclusion on the impact of the interventions.
Fifth, in violation of Article 107(3)(b) TFEU and Article 108(2) TFEU the General Court erred by concluding that the Commission did not err in law anddid not face serious difficulties when it decided that the Danish authorities had submitted an appropriate counterfactual scenario for its assessment concerning the necessity of the aid.
Where no specific counterfactual is known, the incentive effect can be assumed when there is a capital cost funding gap, that is to say, when on the basis of an ex ante business plan, it can be shown that there is a difference between the positive and negative cash flows(including investment costs into fixed capital assets) over the lifetime of the investment in net present value terms(78).