Примери за използване на Profit and rent на Английски и техните преводи на Български
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It is the product for which wages, profit and rent are expended.
Profit and rent have this in common with wages: all three are forms of revenue.
Its magnitude does not depend upon its division into wages, profit and rent.
Profit and rent have this in common with wages that all three of them are forms of revenue.
The price of gold and silver is therefore likewise determined by wages, profit and rent.
Wages, profit, and rent are the three original sources of all revenue, as well as of all exchangeable value(A. Smith).
For instance, that the commodities which compose the constant capital also contain elements of wages, profit and rent.
This is known as the wealth effect and as Smith said,“Wages, profit and rent are the three original sources of all revenue.”.
If one portion of the product were not transformed into capital,the other would not assume the forms of wages, profit and rent.
In Class II, for the products of which wages, profit and rent are expended, in short, the revenues consumed, the product itself consists of three components so far as its value is concerned.
The proportion in which the newly produced total value would be distributed as wages, profit and rent would now be very different;
In the above erroneous conception, wages, profit and rent are three independent magnitudes of value, whose total magnitude produces, limits and determines the magnitude of the commodity-value.
Aside from this labour, the labourer performs no labour, and aside from the total value of the product,which assumes the forms of wages, profit and rent, he creates no value.
Given first, then, is the quantity of value of commodities to be divided among wages, profit and rent; in other words, the absolute limit of the sum of the portions of value of these commodities.
The entire value portion of the annual product, then, which the labourer creates in the course of the year, is expressed in the annual value sum of the three revenues,the value of wages, profit, and rent.
In reality, the commodity-value is the magnitude which precedes the sum of the total values of wages, profit and rent, regardless of the relative magnitudes of the latter.
Thus, this constant portion may here be left entirely out of consideration,since the value of the commodities of which it is composed would likewise resolve itself into the sum of the values of wages, profit and rent.
Thus, to say that the value of wages, profit and rent consists in their being equivalent to a certain quantity of gold and silver,would merely be saying that they are equal to a certain quantity of wages, profit and rent.
It is completely irrelevant to the problem to be solved here that a portion of the surplus-value converted into the form of profit and rent is not consumed as revenue, but is accumulated.
In the first place it is evident that if wages, profit and rent were to form the price of commodities, this would apply as much to the constant portion of the commodity-value as to the other portion, in which variable capital and surplus-value are incorporated.
We see, furthermore, that a portion of the newly added labour is continually absorbed in the reproduction and replacement of consumed constant capital, although this newly added labour resolves itself solely into revenue,into wages, profit and rent.
But the market-prices are constantonly in their variation, and their average over longer periods results precisely in the respective averages of wages, profit and rent as the constant magnitudes,and therefore, in the last analysis, those dominating the market-prices.
Or, if we consider the product of the total social capital instead of that of an individual capital, the gross output equals the material elements forming the constant and variable capital, plusthe material elements of the surplus-product in which profit and rent are represented.
Hence we cannot determine wages, profit and rent by equating them to a certain amount of goldand silver, for the value of this gold and silver, by means of which they should be evaluated as in their equivalent, should be first determined precisely by them, independently of gold and silver, i.e.
The specific commodity-value of 250 thus produced and determined by the quantity of labour materialised in it constitutes the limit, therefore, for the dividends which the labourer, capitalist and landlord will be able to draw from this value in the form of revenue- wages, profit and rent.
But first, this is balanced either by the fact that the rate of profit increases,when the commodities sold below their value form an element of the constant capital, or by profit and rent being represented by a larger product, when commodities sold below their value enter into the portion of value consumed as revenue in the form of articles for individual consumption.
Aside from the confusion which the transformation of values into prices of production brings about, another arises due to the transformation of surplus-value into different, special, mutually independent forms of revenue applying to thevarious elements of production, i.e., into profit and rent.
On the other hand, it seems plain on reflection that if wages, profit and rent are creators of value since they seem to be presupposed in the production of value,and are assumed by the individual capitalist in his cost-price and price of production, then the constant portion, whose value enters as given into the production of every commodity, is also a creator of value.
Secondly, it is quite correct to say that the component parts of commodities which make up the constant capital, like any other commodity-value, may be reduced to portions of value which resolve themselvesfor the producers and the owners of the means of production into wages, profit and rent.
At any rate, profit plus rent equal the total realised surplus-value(surplus-labour), and for purposes of this discussion the realised surplus-value may be equated to all surplus-value; for profit and rent are realised surplus-value, or, generally speaking, the surplus-value which passes into the prices of commodities, thus in practice all the surplus-value forming a constituent part of this price.