英語 での The entire yield curve の使用例とその 日本語 への翻訳
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Initially, in order to push down the entire yield curve, the Bank set the quantity target of government bonds to be purchased in a year.
At the same time,the Bank exerts downward pressure on nominal interest rates across the entire yield curve through purchases of JGBs.
A downward shift is a parallel downward shift in the entire yield curve, which occurs when the central bank puts downward pressure on the entire yield curve by purchasing long-term government bonds.
In addition, the large-scale purchases of JGBs as part of QQE have exerteddownward pressure on nominal interest rates across the entire yield curve.
However, the Bank of Japan needs to establish anew benchmark that can be applied to the entire yield curve, not to a single short-term interest rate alone.
It was short- and medium-term interest rates that declined. In other words, it proved that the centralbank can exert a large influence on the entire yield curve.
Now that the average remaining maturity has been extended and set within a flexible range,this will put further downward pressure on interest rates across the entire yield curve.
Large-Scale Purchases of Financial Assets Next,I would like to talk about pushing down the entire yield curve through massive JGB purchases, which is another element of QQE.
However, the basic approach of lowering nominal interest rates across the entire yield curve and lowering real interest rates by raising inflation expectations has remained unchanged.
By a central bank making a commitment to continuing monetary easing for a long period,there will be momentum for pushing down the entire yield curve, including longer term yields. .
Nominal interest rates declined largely across the entire yield curve. In particular, long-term interest rates were influenced strongly, since they had room for a further decline even under the zero lower bound on short-term interest rates.
In combination with large-scale purchases of JGBs, the Bank can exert evenstronger downward pressure on interest rates across the entire yield curve, resulting in lower real interest rates.
In other words,the Bank attempts to exert downward pressure on the entire yield curve by influencing the expectations of the markets and the public about the low level of the yield curve in the future.
In combination with the continuation of large-scale purchases of JGBs, a negative interest rate willexert downward pressure on interest rates across the entire yield curve more powerfully.
Studies for the United States and Europe suggest that the effectsof a downward shift of the entire yield curve-- i.e., including long-term interest rates-- on economic activity and prices are several times larger than those of a decline in short-term rates under conventional monetary policy.
At the same time, the Bank tries to lower realinterest rates by exerting downward pressure across the entire yield curve through massive purchases of Japanese government bonds(JGBs), thereby stimulating private demand such as business fixed investment, private consumption, and housing investment.
Specifically, inflation expectations will be raised through a strong and clear commitment to achieve the price stability target and at the same time,downward pressure will be put on the entire yield curve through massive purchases of government bonds.
Moreover, our empirical analysis of downwardpressure from QQE on nominal interest rates across the entire yield curve showed that, if the same effect were to be gained exclusively through the decline in short-term interest rates, it would be necessary to decrease the rate by about 2 percent.
Meanwhile, the Bank's large-scale purchases of Japanese government bonds(JGBs) under QQE, in combination with the negative interest rate policy introduced in January 2016,have been significantly effective in pushing down nominal interest rates across the entire yield curve.
Under conventional monetary policy, determining one optimal short-term policy interest rate-- the uncollateralized overnight call rate, for example-- was sufficient in conducting monetary policy. However, under the current framework,we naturally must extend the scope to the entire yield curve.
Through the implementation of large-scale monetary easing under the strong and clear commitment toward achieving the price stability target of 2 percent, people's basic view on monetary policy has changed drastically, bringing about a rise in inflation expectations anda decline in nominal interest rates across the entire yield curve.