What is the translation of " 案头研究 " in English?

• desk study
• desk research
• desk studies

Examples of using 案头研究 in Chinese and their translations into English

案头研究的全文载于文件UNEP/GC.22/INF.31。
The full text of the desk study is contained in document UNEP/GC.22/INF/31.

团队还开展了案头研究、数据分析和实地访问。
In addition, the team carried out desk research, data analysis and field visits.

现行外部审查的案头研究.
Desk studies of existing external reviews.

案头研究和现场调查已经完成。
Desk-based study and field surveys were conducted.

案头研究所提出的建议.
Recommendations proposed in the Desk Study.

案头研究已经完成.
Desk based study is complete.

本案头研究于2011年5月至2012年1月期间开展。
The desk study was conducted between May 2011 and January 2012.

在此过程中，同该两方商定了案头研究的大纲。
A framework for the desk study was agreed on with both parties.

将开展案头研究以审查并比较国家一级处理电子废物的现有做法.
Desk study to be conducted to review and compare existing practices for dealing with e-waste at the national level.

我们的市场调查业务主管定量研究、定性研究和案头研究，并提供专业知识以帮助了解独特的中国市场。
Our MARKET RESEARCH practice manages quantitative, qualitative and desk research and offer expertise to understand the very unique Chinese market.

案头研究组成员包括本机构内的专家，以及从环境署一些协作中心和其他国际环境研究机构聘请的专家。
The Desk Study team included in-house experts, as well as experts contracted from UNEP' s collaborating centres and other international environmental institutes.

证词和案头研究表明了一种有系统的、持续的侵犯人权模式。
Testimonies and desk research showed a pattern of violations of human rights that remained systematic and persistent.

案头研究由所有可得文件组成，包括项目申请、项目进展报告、监测和评估报告以及最终报告。
A desk study was made of all available documentation, including project applications, project progress reports, monitoring and evaluation reports, and final reports.

为在中非共和国进行地下水勘探进行了案头研究，为在中非稳定团挑选4个最佳营址进行了空间分析和模型建立.
Desk studies for groundwater exploration in the Central African Republic, and spatial analysis and modelling was performed for the selection of 4 optimum campsites in MINUSCA.

案头研究显示，发放和申请的专利涉及范围广大的发明，持有者包括公共和私营实体，没有区别。
Desk research has shown that the patents issued, and applied for, cover a wide range of inventions and that the holders are indiscriminately public and private entities.

西撒特派团地下水勘探项目：该项目的所有三个阶段(案头研究、实地勘探和模型制作)均已完成。
MINURSO ground water exploration project: all three phases of the project(desk study, field survey and modelling) were completed.

所以，如果你在做什么，但案头研究，绑在你的屏幕上，你不会得到最好的想法。
So if you're doing nothing but desk research, tied to your screen, you're not going to get the best ideas.

向第五十八次会议提交了关于评价冷风机项目的案头研究和相关国家研究。
A desk study and associated country studies on the evaluation of chiller projects were submitted to the 58th Meeting.

其中一些例子是通过协商进程收集的，其他一些则是通过案头研究得到的。
Some of the examples were generated through the consultative process while others were identified through desk research.

对次级评价证据和相关文件进行了案头研究，以补充主要证据。
A desk study of secondary evaluative evidence and relevant documentation was conducted to supplement the primary evidence.

该名顾问通过审查法律、相关规章和表格、政策文件、部长讲话和报告，对二级数据开展了案头研究。
The consultant undertook desk research of secondary data by examining laws, related regulations and forms, policy documents, ministerial speeches and reports.

技术讲习班、可行性研究和对尼日利亚境内废油管理情况的国家分析（案头研究、现场访问、调查）。
A technical workshop, feasibility study and national analysis(desk study, filed visits, surveys) of the situation of the management of used oils in Nigeria.

这些活动以中东、北非和西非为重点，包括进行实地研究和案头研究。
Focusing on the Middle East, North Africa and West Africa, these activities included field and desk research.

秘书处积极参与了案头研究，为其提供了各种意见。
The Secretariat was actively involved in providing input to the development of the desk study.

将在25个非洲国家进行案头研究，还将访问其中的10个国家，以便更加深入地进行研究。
Whereas desk research will be undertaken on 25 African countries, 10 of those countries will also be the subject of country visits in order to conduct more in-depth study.

经议定，案头研究将列出优先事项并提出有关解决环境问题的建议。将采用一种前瞻性方法。
It was agreed that the Ddesk sStudy will would list priorities and propose recommendations to for solvinge environmental problems,. based on aA forward-looking approach was to be adopted.

将提供案头研究的最初结果，并纳入需要在审查实施阶段进一步调查的问题清单。
It will present the first findings derived from the desk study and include a list of issues requiring further investigation in the implementation phase of the review.

为了更好地了解中国水电公司的公司政策承诺和项目实践情况，本项目通过案头研究、访谈和实地考察收集资料。
In order to better understand the company policies and implementation of Chinese hydropower companies, data was collected via desktop research, interviews and fieldwork.

秘书处为监测快速启动方案业务计划的实现而定期收集的资料也成为案头研究的一部分。
Information routinely collected by the secretariat for the purpose of monitoring the achievement of the Quick Start Programme business plan also formed a part of the desk study.

C）对被占领的巴勒斯坦领土内的环境状况进行案头研究，以确定需予紧急关注的主要环境受害领域、并就相应的补救措施提出建议；.
(c) A desk study outlining the state of the environment in the Occupied Palestinian Territories, with the aim of identifying major areas of environmental damage requiring urgent attention and proposing remedial measures;