The term“human computation” comes out of work done by computer scientists, and understanding the context behind this research will improve your ability to pick out problems that might be suitable for it.
However, Benoit and colleagues were able to use their human computation system to do this coding- customized to their research question- quickly and easily.
Further, because the human computation was quick and cheap, it was easy for them to customize their data collection to their specific research question about immigration.
In particular, I think it ishelpful to roughly distinguish between three types of projects: human computation, open call, and distributed data collection(figure 5.1).
Kenneth Benoit and colleagues(2016) decided to take the manifesto coding task that had previously been performed by experts andturn it into a human computation project.
First, one way that I distinguish between human computation and open call projects is whether the output is an average of all the solutions(human computation) or the best solution(open call).
According to the definition proposed in Ahn(2005) Foldit- which I described in the section on open calls-could be considered a human computation project.
In human computation and distributed data collection projects, moreover, the best form of quality control comes through redundancy, not through a high bar for participation.
Some numbers appear repeatedly in human math or human society because they entered the system for some logical or sentimental reason and the system has grown around them until they became entrenched.
人間の計算を、超えています。
Their value is beyond human calculation.
人間の計算を補助する器具は「計算器」、機械は「計算機」と呼ばれる。
Those mechanical devices to help humans with calculations were called"calculating machines" and the machine operator was called the computer.
In human computation projects, researchers combine the efforts of many people working on simple microtasks in order to solve problems that are impossibly big for one person.
The term“split-apply-combine” was used by Wickham(2011) to describe a strategy for statistical computing,but it perfectly captures the process of many human computation projects.
Here's how Luis von Ahn(2005) described humancomputation when he first coined the term in his dissertation:“a paradigm for utilizing human processing power to solve problems that computers cannot yet solve.”.
代謝プロセスの影響を示す人間のための計算された初期温度分布。
Computed initial temperature distribution for a human showing the effects of metabolic processes.
実際の人間計算機は、彼がなにをすべきか本当に知っている。
Actual human computers really remember what they have got to do.
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