卡尔沃条款 英语是什么意思 - 英语翻译

• calvo clause

在 中文 中使用 卡尔沃条款 的示例及其翻译为 英语

卡尔沃条款.
The Calvo Clause.

卡尔沃条款与外交保护专题有密切联系，不应对这个问题，任何研究工作都是不完整的。
The Calvo clause was closely linked to the topic of diplomatic protection, and any study that did not deal with it would be incomplete.

若不审查卡尔沃条款，外交保护问题的研究是不会完整的。
No study of diplomatic protection would be complete without examining the Calvo clause.

卡尔沃条款关系到外侨和东道国间的契约关系，只适用于涉及契约的解释、适用或履行的争端。
The Calvo Clause relates to the contractual relationship between alien and host State and only operates in respect of disputes concerning the interpretation, application or performance of the contract.

拉丁美洲国家编纂卡尔沃条款的努力基本上是成功的。
Attempts to codify the Calvo Clause among Latin American States have been largely successful.

在国际范围内编纂卡尔沃条款的努力所得成效较不明显。
Attempts to codify the Calvo Clause at the international level have proved less successful.

有关卡尔沃条款的判例一般分为两个时期：在1926年NorthAmericanDredgingCompany案之前和在该案之后。
Jurisprudence on the Calvo Clause is commonly divided into two periods: those before the North American Dredging Company case of 1926 and those afterwards.

卡尔沃条款是可以接受的，因为它只是代表有关个人承诺不忽视当地补救办法。
The Calvo Clause was permissible as it was simply an undertaking on the part of the individual not to ignore local remedies.

简言之，委员会认为卡尔沃条款是外侨表示将用尽当地补救办法的承诺。
In summary, the Commission held the Calvo Clause to be a promise by the alien to exhaust local remedies.

(b)卡尔沃条款证实了用尽当地补救办法规则的重要性。
(b) The Calvo Clause confirms the importance of the exhaustion of local remedies rule.

第二，卡尔沃条款确认用尽当地补救措施规则的重要性。
Secondly, the Calvo clause confirmed the importance of the exhaustion of local remedies rule.

另外也有人指出，卡尔沃条款虽然具有重要的历史意义，但在实践中的运用日益减少。
It was also noted by some that while the Calvo clause was of historical importance, in practice, it was used less and less.

此外，比起一个世纪以前拟定卡尔沃条款的时候，国际背景已经不同。
Furthermore, the international context differed from that in which the Calvo clause had been formulated a century before.

现有措辞的实际效果仅仅在于，一个国家可以行使外交保护，无论个人是否受到卡尔沃条款的约束。
The real effect of the current wording was merely that a State could exercise diplomatic protection whether or not an individual was bound by a Calvo clause.

关于用尽当地补救办法的其它条款将讨论举证责任和外国国民事先放弃国际要求（"卡尔沃条款"）。
Further articles on the exhaustion of local remedies will deal with the burden of proof and advance waiver of an international claim by the foreign national(" Calvo clause").

但会议没有审议卡尔沃条款，主要原因是对拒绝司法问题的意见不一。
The Clause was not, however, considered at the Conference, largely due to disagreement over the issue of denial of justice.

(d)外侨不能通过卡尔沃条款放弃根据国际法属于其本国政府的权利。
(d) An alien cannot by means of a Calvo Clause waive rights that under international law belong to his Government.

此外，大会关于国际经济法的关键决议都明显受到卡尔沃条款的影响。
Moreover, key resolutions of the General Assembly on international economic law show the strong influence of Calvo.

在玻利维亚、哥伦比亚、厄瓜多尔、秘鲁和委内瑞拉之间建立共同市场的《安第斯条约》也尊重卡尔沃条款。
The Andean Pact, establishing a common market between Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela, likewise shows respect for the Calvo Clause.

安第斯条约》国家在1991年决定291修订并放宽了外国投资法规，但没有触动卡尔沃条款的这个要素。
In 1991, the Andean Pact countries revised and liberalized their foreign investment code in decision 291, but left this element of the Calvo Clause unchanged.

但不应夸大这种意见，因为墨西哥国内有强大的声音，要求以符合卡尔沃条款的方式实施NAFTA。
This view should not, however, be exaggerated as there are powerful voices within Mexico demanding that NAFTA be implemented in a manner compatible with the Calvo Clause.

这段历史主要涉及拒绝司法概念的范围和内容以及卡尔沃条款的法律后果。
Much of this history has been concerned with the scope and content of the concept of denial of justice and the legal consequences of the Calvo Clause.

虽然卡尔沃条款在拉丁美洲国家惯例中，无疑重要，但它同外交保护作为国家权利或特权的传统概念有抵触。
Although the Calvo clause had undoubtedly figured importantly in the practice of Latin American States, it was incompatible with the traditional concept of diplomatic protection as a right or prerogative of the State.

卡尔沃条款重申不干预他国内政的绝对规范，而且该规范不影响一国确定何时行使外交保护的主权权利。
The Calvo clause reaffirmed the categorical norm of non-intervention in the internal affairs of States and did not affect the sovereign right of a State to decide when to exercise diplomatic protection.

最好的解释也许是Dredging案的裁决，即卡尔沃条款可以导致不适用仲裁条约内免去用尽当地补救办法的要求的规定。
The best explanation is probably to be found in the ruling in the Dredging case that the Calvo Clause may trump a provision in a compromis waiving the requirement that local remedies should be exhausted.

借用Shea的意见，他认为卡尔沃条款起码要求证明发生了严重的拒绝司法情事（"较为明显或公然"）才可以提出国际求偿。
At least, he submits, drawing on the opinion of Shea, the Calvo Clause requires proof of an aggravated form of denial of justice(" more patent or flagrant") before an international claim may be brought.

委内瑞拉代表团还欢迎特别报告员建议在外交保护的范围内处理两个非常重要的问题，即拒绝司法和卡尔沃条款。
Her delegation also welcomed the Special Rapporteur' s proposal to deal with two very important questions in the context of diplomatic protection, namely, denial of justice and the Calvo clause.

在Dredging一案的裁决作出后，其后还有其他裁决加以认可，现在已经不可能有力地指称卡尔沃条款违背国际法。
Since the decision in the Dredging case, and subsequent decisions endorsing it, it has not been possible to seriously argue that the Calvo Clause is contrary to international law.

第一个选择是不起草任何有关这个问题的规定，理由是卡尔沃条款的相关性和有效性仅仅在于确认用尽当地补救办法规则。
The first is to decline to draft any provision on this subject on the ground that a Calvo Clause is relevant and valid only insofar as it reaffirms the exhaustion of local remedies rule.

有代表表示支持委员会不列入卡尔沃条款的决定，这是特别报告员在第16条草案中提议的。
Support was expressed for the Commission' s decision not to include a provision on the Calvo clause, as had been proposed by the Special Rapporteur in draft article 16.