Is closed if and only if it contains all of its limit points.A linear functional is continuous if and only if its kernel is closed . Is closed in X.In particular, the empty set and the whole space are closed . A set S is closed if and only if S= ci(S).
等价地,一个集合是闭集 当且仅当所有的极限点都是这个集合中的点。 Equivalently, a set is closed if and only if it contains all of its limit points. 在Rn内,一个集合是紧集当且仅当它是闭集 并且有界。 In Rn, a set is compact if and only if it is closed and bounded. 在Rn内,一个集合是紧集当且仅当它是闭集 并且有界。 In a Euclidean space, a set is compact if and only if it is closed and bounded. 希尔伯特-施密特算子的集合在范数拓扑下是闭集 ,当且仅当H是有限维空间。 The set of Hilbert- Schmidt operators is closed in the norm topology if, and only if, H is finite-dimensional. 在Rn内,一个集合是紧集当且仅当它是闭集 并且有界。 Theorem A subset of Rn is compact if and only if it is closed and bounded. 如果f是连续函数并且Y是豪斯多夫空间则ker(f)是闭集 。 If f is continuous and Y is Hausdorff then ker(f) is closed . 一般的说,等价类[x]会是闭集 ,当且仅当这个空间是对称的。 In general, the equivalence classes[x] will be closed if and only if the space is symmetric. A set is closed if and only if it contains all its limit points.If A is a closed set , then A contains S if and only if A contains cl(S). 下部集合↓x总是闭集 ;但是上部集合↑x不必须是开集或闭集。 The lower set↓x is always closed ; however, the upper set↑x need not be open or closed. 由于V(r)的补集是闭集 ,且含有U(r),因此从最后一个条件可以推出上面的条件(2)。 Since the complement of V(r) is closed and contains U(r), the latter condition then implies condition(2) from above. 欧几里得空间Rn的子集是 紧致的,当且仅当它是闭集 并且是有界的。 A subset of Euclidean space Rn is compact if and only if it is closed and bounded. 如果A是一个开集或闭集 ,且是Rn(甚至Borel集,见度量空间,待补)的子集,那么A是 勒贝格可测的。 If A is an open or closed subset of Rn(or even Borel set, see metric space), then A is Lebesgue measurable. The only closed sets are the empty set and X. All in a rather vacuous way though, since the only closed sets are ∅ and X. However, the upper set↑x need not be open or closed . 等价地说,A在X中稠密当且仅当X中唯一包含A的闭集是 X自己。 Equivalently, A is dense in X if and only if the only closed subset of X containing A is X itself. 用較花巧的术语来说,不相交闭集 不只是 由鄰域分离的,还是由函数分离的。 (In fancier terms, disjoint closed sets are not only separated by neighbourhoods, but also separated by a function.). Ci(S) is the smallest closed set containing S. 另外,如果一个非空的完备度量空间是 可数个闭集 的并集,那么其中一个闭集具有非空的内部。 Also: if a non-empty complete metric space is the countable union of closed sets, then one of these closed sets has non-empty interior. 等价的说,X是完美正规的,当且仅当所有闭集是 零集合。 Equivalently, X is perfectly normal if and only if every closed set is a zero set. . 如果f是连续函数并且Y是 豪斯多夫空间则ker(f)闭集 。 If f is continuous and Y is Hausdorff then ker(f) is closed . 明显的X是完美正规的,当且仅当X是正规的并且所有闭集是 Gδ集合。 It turns out that X is perfectly normal if and only if X is normal and every closed set is a Gδ set. .
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结果: 28 ,
时间: 0.0229
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