纵向限制 英语是什么意思 - 英语翻译

• vertical restraints

在 中文 中使用 纵向限制 的示例及其翻译为 英语

纵向限制与竞争法和竞争政策.
Vertical restraints and competition law and policy.

纵向限制评估.14.
Assessment of vertical restraints 12.

纵向限制.
Vertical restraints.

有关竞争法处理纵向限制的问题，见上文框5。
For the treatment of vertical restraints by competition law, see box 5 above.

此外，此类纵向限制条款的合法性在不同地区存在差异。
Furthermore, there are differences in the permissibility of vertical restraints in different jurisdictions.

在牙买加，《公平竞争法》有许多条款涉及纵向限制。
In Jamaica, a multitude of sections of the FCA deal with vertical restraints.

纵向限制还可联系公司在市场中的地位来考虑：见下文第60段。
Vertical restraints can also be considered in relationship to the position of a firm on the market: see paragraph 60 below.

纵向限制的复杂性要求进行彻底的经济分析以评估其对竞争的影响；.
(a) The complexity of vertical restraints which require thorough economic analysis to evaluate their effects on competition;

有些主管机构答复说，它们使用经济学来分析滥用优势地位和纵向限制。
Some authorities responded that they used economics to analyse abuses of dominance and vertical restraints.

根据对调查表的答复，欧盟委员会表示，该委员会近年来没有多少纵向限制的案件。
According to its questionnaire response, the EC indicated it had not had many vertical restraints cases in recent years.

纵向限制排除进入市场或助长串通行为的可能性；.
(b) The possibility of foreclosure of market entry or facilitation of collusive behavior by vertical restraints;

最终实行严格禁止纵向限制的做法的结果是，建立了灵活的独立分销部门，为促成贸易自由化作出了贡献。
The eventual application of strict prohibitions on vertical restraints resulted in a flexible and independent distribution sector, which contributed to the success of trade liberalization.

竞争法和竞争政策如何对待纵向限制和滥用支配地位行为；.
(iv) The competition law and policy treatment of vertical restraints and abuses of dominant positions;

竞争法和政策如何对待纵向限制和滥用支配地位行为；.
The competition law and policy treatment of vertical restraints and abuses of dominant positions;

极少对调查的答复直接谈到在评估纵向限制中使用经济学。
Few survey responses directly addressed the use of economics in the assessment of vertical restraints.

有些国家在法律中作了区分，并且单独制定了纵向限制条款。
Some countries make a distinction in their law and have separate provisions for vertical restraints.

捷克共和国、匈牙利、波兰和斯洛伐克：1995年11月----关于纵向限制因素问题的讲习会----来自四个国家的竞争事务官员出席了会议；.
Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia: November 1995- Seminar on Vertical Restraints- attended by competition officials from the four countries;

一定要作出更多的努力，来查明和量化垄断及滥用支配地位和其他纵向限制的不利影响，特别是当它们影响到发展中国家，阻碍发展的时候。
More efforts to detect and quantify the adverse impact of monopolization and abuse of dominance and other vertical restraints, especially as they affect developing countries and hinder development, will be necessary.

因此，市场界定在评估----至少在初步选定----许多涉及横向和纵向限制因素、滥用优势地位和合并案件方面发挥着重要作用。
Therefore, market definition plays a major role in the assessment, or at least screening, of many cases involving horizontal and vertical restraints, abuse of dominance and mergers.

在第一节中，3个案例(首先述及)涉及到横向做法，而其它3个案例涉及到滥用支配地位和/或纵向限制。
Within the first section, three of the cases(which are dealt with first) relate to horizontal practices, and the other three relate to abuses of dominance and/or vertical restraints.

其中，有些为适用于纵向限制的一般性条款，如关于协议的第17条和关于滥用支配地位的第20条的一般性条款，另一些则为纵向限制专门条款。
Some are general provisions having application to vertical restraints, such as the general provisions of Section 17 on agreements and Section 20 on abuse of dominance, while others are specific vertical restraints provisions.

非价格的纵向限制，很少受到竞争管理部门的反对。
Nonprice vertical restraints are rarely opposed by competition authorities.

欧盟委员会对纵向限制态度的变化说明了这一点。
This is illustrated by the changes in the EC' s approach to vertical restraints.

第二个题目：非价格纵向限制(选择性经销、独家经营和特许专营)：.
The second topic discussed was non-price vertical restraints(selective distribution, exclusive dealing and franchising):.

虽然竞争法本身没有对横向与纵向限制加以区分，但竞争当局在实施过程中的确有这种区分。
While competition law made no distinction between horizontal and vertical restrains, the competition authority did make that distinction in its approach to enforcement.

近年来，欧盟各国曾多次对电子商务平台经营者和站内经营者之间达成的MFN条款的纵向限制问题进行调查[6]。
Recently, some EU countries have inquired into certain vertical restrictions in relation to MFN clauses between platform operators and online business operators[6].

该法允许委员会就限制性协议(横向和纵向协议)，以及扭曲、防止或限制竞争的行为(例如滥用支配地位)下达指令。
The Act provides for Commission directions relating to restrictive agreements(of both a horizontal and vertical nature), and relating to distortion, prevention or restriction of competition(i.e., abuse of dominance).

全面禁试条约》的精髓和目的，也是而且首先是限制纵向扩散。
The essence and purpose of the CTBT is also, and above all, to curb vertical proliferation.

条约》凭借其国际监测系统健全的核查能力，能够有效地限制横向与纵向的核扩散。
The Treaty, with its robust verification capacity in the International Monitoring System, represents an effective bar to both horizontal and vertical nuclear proliferation.

向该国竞争事务厅派出了长、短期的工作团，协助修订竞争法以及评估合并和纵向方面的限制因素、对支配地位的滥用等情况。
Short- and long-term missions were organized at the Office to assist in the revision of the competition law and the evaluation of mergers and vertical restraints, abuse of dominance, etc.