通信监控 英语是什么意思 - 英语翻译

• communications surveillance

在 中文 中使用 通信监控 的示例及其翻译为 英语

通信监控.
The Communications Surveillance.

通信监控必须被视作一项干预人权、威胁民主社会之基、具高度侵入性的行为。
Communications surveillance should be regarded as a highly intrusive act that interferes with human rights threatening the foundations of a democratic society.

任何经法律授权的通信监控必须适于完成其认定的、具体的合法目标。
Any instance of communications surveillance authorised by law must be appropriate to fulfil the specific legitimate aim identified.

这些原则是公民社会团体、产业、以及通信监控法律、政策和技术方面的国际专家所进行的全球性磋商的成果。
These principles are the outcome of a global consultation with civil society groups, industry and international experts in communications surveillance law, policy and technology.

任何经法律授权的通信监控必须适于完成其认定的、具体的合法目标。
Any instance of communications surveillance authorized by law must be appropriate to fulfill the specific Legitimate Aim identified and effective in doing so.

政府应该将通信监控法律、规定、活动、权力或执行机构的用途和范围透明化。
States should be transparent about the use and scope of communications surveillance laws, regulations, activities, powers, or authorities.

因此，各国必须调整其对通信监控的理解和监管并改变其做法以确保尊重和保护个人人权。
States must therefore update their understandings and regulation of communications surveillance and modify their practices in order to ensure that individuals' human rights are respected and protected.

对国家安全和刑事活动的关切可能成为使用通信监控技术的例外理由。
Concerns about national security and criminal activity may justify the exceptional use of communications surveillance technologies.

各种通信技术取得了很大发展，改变了各国进行通信监控的方式。
Communications techniques and technologies have evolved significantly, changing the way in which communications surveillance is conducted by States.

在互联网被公众广泛使用之前，完善的法律原则及监控通信本身的运作成本限制了政府的通信监控行为。
Before public adoption of the Internet, well-established legal principles and logistical burdens inherent in monitoring communications created limits to State communications surveillance.

政府常常以国家安全为由，包括以恐怖主义造成的危险为由，作为数字通信监控方案的理由。
Governments frequently justify digital communications surveillance programmes on the grounds of national security, including the risks posed by terrorism.

政府应该建立独立的监督机制以确保通信监控的透明度和问责。
States should establish independent oversight mechanisms to ensure transparency and accountability of communications surveillance.

任何通信监控都是对人权的干预，因此国际人权法对其适用。
Any Communication Surveillance is an interference with human rights and so international human rights law applies.

若告知，通信监控被授权的目的会遭到严重损害，或者会有危及性命的迫切风险；以及.
Notification would seriously jeopardize the purpose for which the Communications Surveillance is authorized, or there is an imminent risk of danger to human life; and.

有关通信监控的决定必须由公正独立的主管司法机构做出。
Determinations related to communications surveillance must be made by a competent judicial authority that is impartial and independent.

但是，关于什么构成必要、合法和适度国家通信监控的国内法律往往不够充分或不存在。
However, national laws regulating what would constitute the necessary, legitimate and proportional State involvement in communications surveillance are often inadequate or non-existent.

人权机制对互联网以及通信监控和通信数据获取方面的新技术的人权影响的评估同样缓慢。
Human rights mechanisms have been equally slow to assess the human rights implications of the Internet and new technologies on communications surveillance and access to communications data.

其他的人权保护机制最近也关注了通信监控对保护隐私权和言论自由权的影响。
Other human rights protection mechanisms have also recently paid attention to the impact of the surveillance of communications on the protection of the rights to privacy and freedom of expression.

个人应拥有被告知他们受到通信监控或国家获取其通信数据的合法权利。
Individuals should have a legal right to be notified that they have been subjected to communications surveillance or that their communications data has been accessed by the State.

有关通信监控的决定必须由公正独立的主管司法机构做出。
The reaffirmation that the decisions related to communications surveillance must be made by an impartial, independent, and competent judicial authority.

尽管如此，这些原则所阐述的仍然是政府进行通信监控时所涉及到的责任和义务。
Nevertheless, these Principles articulate the duties and obligations of States when engaging in Communications Surveillance.

政府应该建立独立的监督机制以确保通信监控的透明度和问责。
States should establish independent oversight mechanisms capable to ensure transparency and accountability of State surveillance of communications.

政府应该建立独立的监督机制以确保通信监控的透明度和问责。
States must establish independent oversight mechanisms in order to guarantee transparency and accountability in Communications Surveillance.

为了编写本报告，特别报告员修订了有关研究报告并咨询了通信监控相关事项方面的专家。
For the preparation of this report, the Special Rapporteur revised relevant studies and consulted with experts on matters related to the surveillance of communications.

整个二十世纪的技术创新改变了通信监控的性质和影响。
Innovations in technology throughout the twentieth century changed the nature and implications of communication surveillance.

在很多国家，现行立法和做法没有受到审查，也没有进行更新以应对数字时代通信监控的威胁和挑战。
In many countries, existing legislation and practices have not been reviewed and updated to address the threats and challenges of communications surveillance in the digital age.