The vertebrate immune system is a complex of many specialized cell types working together to recognize and wipe out foreign invaders and developing tumors.
这一新发现的细胞类型会高度表达CFTR,一种突变时与囊性纤维化有关的基因。
This newly identified cell type expresses high levels of CFTR, a gene that is associated with cystic fibrosis when mutated.
在其它多数的细胞类型中,我们假定VHL的缺失要么不能促进肿瘤生长,要么或许会限制肿瘤生长。
In most other cell types we presume VHL loss either does not promote tumor growth or, paradoxically, might constrain tumor growth.
我们可以获取想要的任何细胞类型,并且通过编程指定它要去的地方。
We can take any cell type we want and program just where it goes.
研究人员已经在使用干细胞来创造从肌肉到皮肤的各种细胞类型,但也许开发的细胞也可以起作用。
Researchers already areusing stem cells to create various cell types, from muscle to skin, but perhaps developed cells also could play a role.
一条短肽可以识别巨噬细胞,一种重要的免疫细胞类型,选择性地在感染部位,”Pang补充说。
A short strand of peptide can recognize macrophages,an important immune cell type, selectively in the infection site," added Pang.
将连接性模式与基因表达相匹配,可使科学家们表征不同的细胞类型并确定其在大脑中的特定功能。
Matching connectivity patterns to geneexpression allows scientists to characterize different cell types and define their specific functions in the brain.
然而,斑马鱼在进化上与人类有亲缘关系,拥有与人类相同的脑细胞类型。
However, the zebrafish is evolutionarily related to humans and, thus,possesses the same brain cell types as humans.
努南综合征小鼠模型揭示了Ptpn11突变的细胞类型和基因剂量依赖性的影响。
Mouse model of Noonan syndrome reveals cell type- and gene dosage-dependent effects of Ptpn11 mutation.
数据收集在一个标准化的,集成的,和协调的方式,以促进在不同的细胞类型的一致性和比较。
Data were collected in a standardized, integrated,and coordinated manner to promote consistency and comparison across different cell types.
了解进化是如何动态调整发育基因表达,从而产生新的细胞类型和器官,这非常有趣,”他如是说。
Understanding how evolution has tweaked developmentgene expression dynamics to create each new cell type and organ is going to be fascinating," he says.
在未来,科学家们将能够使用GateID来纯化和研究任何感兴趣的细胞类型,比如干细胞和肿瘤细胞。
In the future,researchers will be able to use GateID to purify and study any cell type of choice, from stem cells to tumor cells..
虽然看起来像个挑战,通过调整滤膜孔径以适应这些较大的细胞类型,可以很容易地解决这一问题。
Although seeming like a challenge, this can easily be addressed by adjusting the filtermembrane pore sizes to accommodate these larger cell types.
通过不懈的努力,他的研究组首次生成了患者特异性iPSCs,并使用它们来生成该个体退化的细胞类型。
His lab was also the first to generate patient-specific iPSCs anduse them to produce the cell type that degenerated in that individual.
在指南被广泛采用之前,Seydoux说它们应该在更多的人类细胞类型和其他生物中进行测试。
Before the guidelines are widely adopted,Seydoux says they should be tested in more human cell types and other organisms.
通过比较这些数据与其他动物的,我们得到的细胞类型产生的进化,“报告Hejnol。
By comparing this data with that of other animals, we get an evolution of cell type generation,” reports Hejnol.
但是,斑马鱼在进化上与人类有关,因此拥有与人类相同的脑细胞类型。
However, the zebrafish is evolutionarily related to humans and, thus,possesses the same brain cell types as humans.
适当的表达载体的选择可以基于一些因素包括但非限于表达所希望的细胞类型而决定。
Selection of suitable expression vectors may be based on various factors, including,but not limited, the cell type in which they are to be expressed.
这使得科学家能够在分子水平上鉴定出单个细胞之间的差异,以及鉴定和分析稀有的细胞类型。
This allows scientists to identify the differences between individual cells at the molecular level,as well as to identify and analyse rare cell types.
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