In the 4th and 5th Centuries,two bishops of Alexandria defended Christian orthodocy--Saint Athanasius, against Arianism, and Saint Cyril against Nestorianism.
No. xliii, but as they gave a false meaning to the baptismal formula and did not use the words Son and Holy Spirit in the usual sense, the Council of Nice,like St. Athanasius himself, considered their baptism as invalid.
The ancient symbol that bears the name of Saint Athanasius states expressly that“the Holy Ghost comes from the Father and from the Son not made, not created, not generated, but proceeding”.
In spite of the efforts of Athanasius, Nestorius, who had been elected Patriarch of Constantinople(428), found a loophole to avoid the definition of Nicaea.
Therefore, in this point, we do willingly receive the three creeds, namely, that of the Apostles,of Nice, and of Athanasius: likewise that, which, conformable thereunto, is agreed upon by the ancient fathers.
The testimony of St. Athanasius has been quoted above, to the effect that"the Son is the source of the Spirit", and the statement of Cyril of Alexandria that the Holy Ghost has His"nature" from the Son.
It was mainly through the influence of Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria, and because Jerome included the 27 books in his Latin version of the Bible called the Vulgate, that the present canon came to be accepted…".
But it is true that St. Cyril's later phraseology, of which the two letters to Succensus are the type, is based upon the formula which he felt himself bound to adopt from an Apollinariantreatise believed to be by his great predecessor Athanasius: mia physis ton Theou Logou sesarkomene.
In 866 Emperor Louis II, who rewarded the people of Amalfi with theirarmed intervention had freed from captivity Athanasius the bishop who had been relegated by his nephew, Sergio, took off from the awe of Naples and Capri assigned to the Marine Republic of Amalfi who held possession until the advent of the Normans.
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