Примеры использования Chemical potential на Английском языке и их переводы на Русский язык
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Fugacity is closely related to the chemical potential μ.
This is because the chemical potential of the vapor can be drastically lowered by entering the liquid phase.
A series of phase diagrams was plotted for different chemical potentials.
For defi ning activity(chemical potential or reaction possibility with the participation of water) there is used hygrometer.
This process of acidification has stored the energy of the volcano as chemical potential energy.
It introduced concepts such as chemical potential, phase rule, and others, which form the basis for modern physical chemistry.
As the number of electrons in the system increases(with fixed temperature and volume),the internal chemical potential increases.
Therefore it cannot be possible to define a chemical potential at a single point, independent of the electron density at nearby points.
Eq.(1) shows that, in the case of the superfluid component,the force contains a term due to the gradient of the chemical potential.
This balance requires that the variations in internal chemical potential are matched by equal and opposite variations in the electric potential energy.
The ability to do work, which comes in a number of forms including thermal, radiant,kinetic, chemical, potential and electrical.
Hence, the internal chemical potential, µ-E0, is approximately equal to the Fermi energy at temperatures that are much lower than the characteristic Fermi temperature TF.
The sea of conduction electrons in an electrical conductor, called a Fermi sea,contains electrons with energies up to the chemical potential of the system.
The main assumption in the Thomas-Fermi model is that there is an internal chemical potential at each point r that depends only on the electron concentration at the same point r.
The relationship is described by the electron number density n( μ){\displaystyle n(\mu)}, is a function of μ,the internal chemical potential.
For this purpose, the model takes both the chemical potential of the number of particles$\mu$ and the chiral chemical potential $\mu_5$ conjugated to the difference between the numbers of right and left fermions into account.
It shows interrelation of melt evaporation processes andthe melt thermodynamic properties in particular, chemical potentials of melt components.
In this model the chemical potential inside the magnetic layer is split into two functions, corresponding to electrons with spins parallel and antiparallel to the magnetization of the layer.
Therefore, this integral defines the critical temperature andparticle number corresponding to the conditions of negligible chemical potential μ.
The PMF is the sum of a proton chemical potential(given by the proton concentration gradient) and a transmembrane electrical potential given by charge separation across the membrane.
Finally, the Thomas-Fermi model assumes that the electrons are in equilibrium,meaning that the total chemical potential is the same at all points.
It is shown that the chemical potential$\mu$ promotes the appearance of a superconducting phase, while an increase in the chemical potential $\mu_5$ suppresses the effect of the chemical potential$\mu$ on a system.
The Hill reaction is the light-driven transfer of electrons from water to Hill reagents(non-physiological oxidants) against a chemical potential gradient.
The internal chemical potential(closely related to Fermi level, see below) of a system of electrons describes how much energy is required to put an extra electron into the system, neglecting electrical potential energy.
Within the Dirac model for the electronic excitations of graphene, we calculate the full polarization tensor with finite mass and chemical potential.
The influence of the magnetic field,temperature, and chemical potential on the phase structure of a system in(2+ 1)-dimensional space-time with one compactified spatial dimension(cylinder) was studied in the framework of the modified Gross-Neveu model.
This characteristic temperature is on the order of 105 K for a metal, hence at room temperature(300 K),the Fermi energy and internal chemical potential are essentially equivalent.
An inventory of carried biological and chemical potential hazards complied, critical control points marked inthe cheese product technologies to manage quality and safety at all stages of production, prevent the occurrence of a criticalsituation that could affect the safety and quality of the product.
The thermodynamic potential of the model is calculated in the presence of nonzero baryonic$\mu$ and isotopical$\mu_I$ chemical potentials in the limit of large number of colors$N_c\to\infty.
The grand canonical partition function applies to a grand canonical ensemble, in which the system can exchange both heat and particles with the environment, at fixed temperature,volume, and chemical potential.