Примеры использования Molecular clouds на Английском языке и их переводы на Русский язык
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Most stars are born within molecular clouds known as stellar nurseries.
Clusters and large complexes of dark nebulae are associated with Giant Molecular Clouds.
Protostars mainly form from molecular clouds consisting primarily of molecular hydrogen.
Bok globules are the remains of much larger clouds, known as'molecular clouds'.
The galactic molecular clouds, the mass of which can achieve 106 M,, are the most massive objects in the Galaxy.
These are most likely groups of stars that share a common point of origin in giant molecular clouds.
Isolated gravitationally-bound small molecular clouds with masses less than a few hundred times that of the Sun are called Bok globules.
The extinction of the light is caused by interstellar dust grains located in the coldest,densest parts of larger molecular clouds.
They are found near molecular clouds and identified by their optical variability and strong chromospheric lines.
According to the nebular hypothesis, stars form in massive anddense clouds of molecular hydrogen-giant molecular clouds GMC.
The densest parts of small molecular clouds are equivalent to the molecular cores found in GMCs and are often included in the same studies.
In the dense nebulae where stars are produced, much of the hydrogen is in the molecular(H2) form,so these nebulae are called molecular clouds.
Using submillimetre observations,astronomers examine molecular clouds and dark cloud cores with a goal of clarifying the process of star formation from earliest collapse to stellar birth.
The longer wavelengths of infrared can penetrate clouds of dust that block visible light,allowing the observation of young stars embedded in molecular clouds and the cores of galaxies.
Though stars almost never get close enough to actually collide in galaxy mergers,giant molecular clouds rapidly fall to the center of the galaxy where they collide with other molecular clouds. .
Passing through the dense molecular clouds of galactic spiral arms, stellar winds may be pushed back to the point that a reflective hydrogen layer accumulates in an orbiting planet's atmosphere, perhaps leading to a snowball Earth scenario.
Depending on the density, size, and temperature of a given cloud, its hydrogen can be neutral, making an H I region; ionized, orplasma making it an H II region; or molecular, which are referred to simply as molecular clouds, or sometimetimes dense clouds. .
These molecules are crucial clues for improving our understanding of comets,giant molecular clouds and nearby dark clouds, the deep atmospheres of Jupiter and Saturn and the formation of stars in nearby galaxies.
This process was more pronounced during the mergers that formed most elliptical galaxies we see today, which likely occurred 1-10 billion years ago,when there was much more gas(and thus more molecular clouds) in galaxies.
The data obtained from satellites has show that such conditions are present in giant molecular clouds and, in fact, on virtually every planet of the Solar system from Mercury to Pluto, their icy satellites, comets and water-bearing asteroids.
The young age of these clusters is in contrast to the average age of most known globular clusters, around 12 billion years old, with the formation of the globulars likely originating from shockwaves, generated by the collision of the galaxies,compressing large, massive molecular clouds.
Laboratory experiments show also that diamond nucleation is possible due to UV photolysis of the interstellar icy mixtures(H2O, CO,NH3, and CH4) in the molecular clouds as well as their further growth under the UV radiation in the diffuse clouds 20.
That molecular gas occurs predominantly in the spiral arms suggests that molecular clouds must form and dissociate on a timescale shorter than 10 million years-the time it takes for material to pass through the arm region.
A 2008 study by Samantha Blair and colleagues attempted to determine the outer edge of the galactic habitable zone by means of analyzing formaldehyde andcarbon monoxide emissions from various giant molecular clouds scattered throughout the Milky Way; however, the data is neither conclusive nor complete.
Tidal forces are stronger nearer the centre of the galaxy, increasing the rate of disruption of clusters, andalso the giant molecular clouds which cause the disruption of clusters are concentrated towards the inner regions of the galaxy, so clusters in the inner regions of the galaxy tend to get dispersed at a younger age than their counterparts in the outer regions.
The dwarf galaxy M32, a satellite galaxy of Andromeda, may have lost its spiral arms to tidal stripping,while a high star formation rate in the remaining core may be the result of tidally-induced motions of the remaining molecular clouds Because tidal forces can knead and compress the interstellar gas clouds inside galaxies, they induce large amounts of star formation in small satellites.
Spiral arms, for example, are the location of star formation, butthey contain numerous giant molecular clouds and a high density of stars that can perturb a star's Oort cloud, sending avalanches of comets and asteroids toward any planets further in.
The exception to the ionized-gas distribution are H II regions,which are bubbles of hot ionized gas created in molecular clouds by the intense radiation given off by young massive stars and as such they have approximately the same vertical distribution as the molecular gas.
It is a cluster of stars within a molecular cloud.
It is likely that all of these stars formed in the same giant molecular cloud.