Примеры использования Polymerases на Английском языке и их переводы на Русский язык
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Animal DNA-dependent RNA polymerases.
Such modifications block DNA polymerases and thus prevents PCR from working.
Replication can then commence with the help of the host cell's polymerases.
In DNA replication, DNA-dependent DNA polymerases make copies of DNA polynucleotide chains.
This subunit is shared by the other two DNA-directed RNA polymerases.
In eukaryotes only the polymerases that deal with the elongation(delta and epsilon) have proofreading ability 3'→ 5' exonuclease activity.
Neither the XNA northe unnatural bases are recognized by natural polymerases.
Based on sequence homology, DNA polymerases can be further subdivided into seven different families: A, B, C, D, X, Y, and RT.
Examples of protein complexes include the proteasome for molecular degradation and most RNA polymerases.
RNA-dependent DNA polymerases are a specialized class of polymerases that copy the sequence of an RNA strand into DNA.
Like its counterpart in yeast,this subunit may be shared by the other two DNA-directed RNA polymerases.
One of the major challenges is to find orcreate novel types of polymerases that will be able to replicate these new-to-nature constructs.
This RNA-directed RNA polymerase possesses a number of short regions andmotifs homologous to other RNA-directed RNA polymerases.
During DNA replication, DNA polymerases that catalyze the process frequently place thymine, instead of cytosine, opposite O6-ethylguanine.
DNA clamp proteins are integral components of the DNA replication machinery andserve to increase the processivity of their associated polymerases.
The chromosomes replicate from multiple starting-points(origins of replication) using DNA polymerases that resemble the equivalent eukaryotic enzymes.
In most organisms, DNA polymerases function in a large complex called the replisome that contains multiple accessory subunits, such as the DNA clamp or helicases.
Some of these enzymes are used in molecular biology, for example,heat-stable DNA polymerases for PCR, and in washing agents.
Histones, gene regulatory proteins, DNA and RNA polymerases, and other substances essential for nuclear activities must be imported from the cytoplasm.
Reverse transcriptase has a high error rate when transcribingRNA into DNA since, unlike most other DNA polymerases, it has no proofreading ability.
This subunit is shared by the other two DNA-directed RNA polymerases and is present in two-fold molar excess over the other polymerase subunits.
Some polymerases add over 50,000 nucleotides to a growing DNA strand before dissociating from the template strand, giving a replication rate of up to 1,000 nucleotides per second.
While many bacteria andmitochondria have polyadenylate polymerases, they also have another type of polyadenylation, performed by polynucleotide phosphorylase itself.
The polymerases responsible for polyadenylation were first purified and characterized in the 1960s and 1970s, but the large number of accessory proteins that control this process were discovered only in the early 1990s.
Primase is of key importance in DNA replication because no known replicative DNA polymerases can initiate the synthesis of a DNA strand without an initial RNA or DNA primer for temporary DNA elongation.
DNA polymerases, some of which have been isolated from several hydrothermal vent species, are also of interest for use in life sciences research, diagnostics, pharmaceutical and therapeutic applications.
A(still hypothetical) organism that uses XNA,different base pairs and polymerases and has an altered genetic code will hardly be able to interact with natural forms of life on the genetic level.
This gene encodes the sixth largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, the polymerase responsible for synthesizing messenger RNA in eukaryotes, that is also shared by the other two DNA-directed RNA polymerases.
As with human DNA-dependent DNA polymerases, RNA polymerase II, the enzyme that transcribes most of the genes in the human genome, operates as part of a large protein complex with multiple regulatory and accessory subunits.
Because the binding of the polymerase to the template is the rate-limiting step in DNA synthesis,the overall rate of DNA replication during S phase of the cell cycle is dependent on the processivity of the DNA polymerases performing the replication.