Примеры использования The ciphertext на Английском языке и их переводы на Русский язык
{-}
-
Colloquial
-
Official
That's because he didn't have the ciphertext.
The ciphertext message would thus be"QNXEPVYTWTWP.
To encrypt an English word so that the ciphertext is another English word.
Generate the ciphertext preamble: Generate s∈ W 4{\displaystyle s\in W^{4}\.
Ciphertext[n] plaintext[n] XOR keyn Upon receipt Bob decrypts the ciphertext.
Bob encrypts the ciphertext again, using the same scheme as Alice but with another key.
These computing devices are allowed to process the ciphertext which is output from a homomorphic encryption.
A mathematical operator"exclusive or"(XOR, for short)then combines the the two to create the ciphertext.
In its simplest version an interpolation attack expresses the ciphertext as a polynomial of the plaintext.
When encrypting data, certain properties of this data may be preserved from the plaintext to the ciphertext.
Sometimes we need encryption schemes in which the ciphertext string is indistinguishable from a random string by the adversary.
Typically only finite domains are discussed, for example:To encrypt a 16-digit credit card number so that the ciphertext is another 16-digit number.
There is no method for authentication of the ciphertext stream and therefore the ciphertext is vulnerable to a bit-flipping attack.
We will express the value of z{\displaystyle z} as a polynomial of the plaintext x{\displaystyle x},and as a polynomial of the ciphertext c{\displaystyle c.
For the first story,the British obtained the ciphertext of the telegram from the Mexican commercial telegraph office.
To make encrypting anddecrypting quicker, the entire alphabet can be encrypted to create a one-to-one map between the letters of the cleartext and the ciphertext.
Once the length of the keyword is discovered,the cryptanalyst lines up the ciphertext in n columns, where n is the length of the keyword.
Verify the ciphertext preamble: If u 1≥ P{\displaystyle u_{1}\geq P} or u 2≥ P{\displaystyle u_{2}\geq P} or v≥ P{\displaystyle v\geq P}, then return R e j e c t{\displaystyle Reject\.
Just as with other stream ciphers,flipping a bit in the ciphertext produces a flipped bit in the plaintext at the same location.
Provided the message is of reasonable length(see below),the cryptanalyst can deduce the probable meaning of the most common symbols by analyzing the frequency distribution of the ciphertext.
Once the length of the key is known, the ciphertext can be rewritten into that many columns, with each column corresponding to a single letter of the key.
His method of solution relied on finding messages with stereotyped beginnings, which would fractionate them andthen form similar patterns in the positions in the ciphertext that had corresponded to column headings in the transposition table.
For Gentry's"noisy" scheme,the bootstrapping procedure effectively"refreshes" the ciphertext by applying to it the decryption procedure homomorphically, thereby obtaining a new ciphertext that encrypts the same value as before but has lower noise.
If any adversary can succeed in distinguishing the chosen ciphertext with a probability significantly greater than 1⁄2, then this adversary is considered to have an"advantage" in distinguishing the ciphertext, and the scheme is not considered secure in terms of indistinguishability.
When only the ciphertext is known, brute force cryptanalysis of the cipher involves searching through the key space for matches between the frequency of occurrence of digraphs(pairs of letters) and the known frequency of occurrence of digraphs in the assumed language of the original message.
It is often more convenient to swap the final two ciphertext blocks,so the ciphertext ends with the full final block, followed by the truncated penultimate block.
By graphing the frequencies of letters in the ciphertext, and by knowing the expected distribution of those letters in the original language of the plaintext, a human can easily spot the value of the shift by looking at the displacement of particular features of the graph.