Приклади вживання Boltzmann Англійська мовою та їх переклад на Українською
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The Stefan- Boltzmann.
Boltzmann subsequently generalized his distribution for the case of gases in external fields.
The Stefan- Boltzmann.
Boltzmann already understood that probability and irreversibility had to be closely related.
The Stefan- Boltzmann.
Physicist Ludwig Boltzmann first demonstrated that this was mathematically probable in the 19th century.
Eventually James Maxwell and the Austrian physicist Ludwig Boltzmann understood.
On the other hand, the German physicist, Boltzmann, discovered the so-called Second Law of Thermodynamics.
NATO observers watch the detonation of Operation Plumbbob Boltzmann on May 28, 1957.
In 1875, the Austrian physicist Ludwig Boltzmann formulated a precise connection between entropy S and molecular motion:.
Going through severe depression, On September 5, 1906 Boltzmann committed suicide.
Ludwig Boltzmann suggested in 1877 that the energy levels of a physical system, such as a molecule, could be discrete(as opposed to continuous).
Therefore, the second function alone is sometimes called the Boltzmann distribution, and formula(1) is called the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution.
Ludwig Boltzmann was professor at the Karl-Franzens Universität twice(1869-1873 and 1876-1890) developing his statistical theory of heat.
Rovelli gives good descriptions of the classical physics of Newton andLudwig Boltzmann, and of modern physics through the lenses of Einstein and quantum mechanics.
Besides the Maxwell- Boltzmann distribution mentioned above, he also associated the kinetic energy of particles with their degrees of freedom.
Further progress in kinetic theory started only in the middle of the 19th century, with the works ofRudolf Clausius, James Clerk Maxwell, and Ludwig Boltzmann.
Ludwig Boltzmann was a physicist who developed statistical mechanics, which connects Newtonian physics of particles to thermodynamics.
In 1993, Thierry Valet and Albert Fert presented a model for the giant magnetoresistance in the CPP geometry,based on the Boltzmann equations.
Ludwig Boltzmann was professor at the Karl-Franzens Universität twice(1869- 1873 and 1876- 1890) developing his statistical theory of heat.
As the Austrian physicist Ludwig Boltzmann understood in the 19th century, the second law explains why events are more likely to evolve in one direction rather than another.
Ludwig Boltzmann was professor at the university twice, first from 1869 to 1873 and then from 1876 to 1890, while he was developing his statistical theory of heat.
He pointed out that the H-theorem of Boltzmann made the assumption that the velocities of particles in a gas were permanently uncorrelated, which removed the time symmetry inherent in the H-theorem.
Ludwig Boltzmann was professor at the University of Graz twice, once from 1869 to 1873 and once from 1876 to 1890, while he was developing his statistical theory of heat.
This relationship is described by the Boltzmann factor, where E is activation energy in electronvolts or joules, t is absolute temperature in kelvins, and k is the Boltzmann constant in eV/K or J/K:.
The Boltzmann equation for the distribution function of a gas in non-equilibrium states is still the most effective equation for studying transport phenomena in gases and metals.
Later, in 1877, Ludwig Boltzmann(1844- 1906) showed that entropy is proportional to the logarithm of the probability of a system being in a certain state.
The Boltzmann distribution, a discrete distribution important in statistical physics which describes the probabilities of the various discrete energy levels of a system in thermal equilibrium.
As in general Boltzmann machines, probability distributions over hidden and/or visible vectors are defined in terms of the energy function:[10].
Application of the Boltzmann lattice method to the analysis of nanofluid flow in a curved channel with radial irregularities of the temperature and the concentration of nanoparticles.