These mutant mice likewise have skewed microbial populations in their gut and are less-well equipped to handle disease-causing bacteria in the intestine and are more sensitive to gut tissue damage evoked by cholera toxin.
Statistical clustering of human post-mortembrains using 10 genes differentially-expressed in the mutant mice were used to classify individuals into two clusters, one of which contained 16 of 18 schizophrenic patients.
Whereas BrdU incorporated cells in the mutant mouse DG was increased by more than 50 percent, the number of mature neurons in the DG was dramatically decreased.
Circadian rhythmicity in the mutant mice was normalized only when Bmal1 was expressed in the brain, whereas normalization of the animals' activity level and body weight required Bmal1 expression in muscle.
The behavioral phenotypes of Scrapper mutant mice suggest that molecular degradation conferred by SCRAPPER play important roles in hippocampal-dependent fear memory formation.
Therefore, long-term observation with patienceis needed to detect fine alteration in the mutant mice, as neural degeneration was found in complex ganglioside-lacking mutant mice.
Vol10 No.8 Following the advancements in genetic engineering technologies such as gene cloning by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)techniques and the generation of mutant mice by fusing embryonic stem(ES) cells and homologous recombination, gene function analysis has rapidly developed since the end of the 20th century.
They find the mutant mice show normal heart rhythm at 37°C, but that increasing their core body temperature by as little as 3°C causes progressive and life-threatening deceleration of heart beats, due to failure of the heart's electrical conduction system.
Chris Goodnow, Richard Cornall, and their colleagues generated a battery of mutant mice, and then screened the mice for various aberrant immune responses.
The ST6Gal-deficient mice are viable and fertile.20 The null mutant mice showed reduced serum IgM levels and impaired B cell proliferation to IgM and CD40-crosslinking.
Since the introduction of gene targeting techniques, the functions of more than 10% of all known mousegenes have been investigated by creating mutant mice.
Although abnormal phenotypes sometimes appear when the null mutant mice are born, some abnormal changes may become clear after long observation or with age.
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