英語 での Mutation rate の使用例とその 日本語 への翻訳
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The mutation rate is 0.5.
Difference in mutation rate.
When the mutation rate becomes to high, a species can go extinct.
In general, most viruses have a high mutation rate.
The somatic mutation rate was especially low in tumors with a PAX fusion gene.
But this method of calculating the mutation rate has drawbacks.
The mutation rate for nuclear DNA is less than 0.3% while that of mitochondrial DNA is generally higher.
And below there, I show, in fact, the mutation rate in the environment.
Thus the deficiency of polymorphismcannot be explained by a relatively low mutation rate.
Initiate a new project to examine mutation rates in humans using whole genome DNA sequencing.
The mutation rate for nuclear DNA is less than 0.3% while that of mitochondrial DNA is generally higher.
From the table above, in any selection method, the higher the mutation rate, the higher the fitness degree was generally.
Mutation rate is known to be high in certain regions within genome, and its relation with diseases is drawing attention.
The problem is thatgenetically manipulating a crop also raises the mutation rate, and appears to eventually destroy the entire genome.
The germline mutation rates for patients with nonmetastatic disease were lower than those observed in patients who had evidence of metastases(64% vs. 87.5%).
However, EBV-positive cases showed significantly lower mutation rates for selected genes/pathways, including SMARCA4, apoptosis, CCND3, and TP53.
The amount and patterns of genetic variations are determined byvarious factors such as the size of the population, mutation rate, natural selection, and group structure.
And once researchers figured out Bd's mutation rate, they learned that the ancestor of today's BdGPL emerged out of Asia in the early 20th century.
Scientists attempt to date genetic changes by tracing back to such spread,using a statistical model that assumes genes have a certain mutation rate over time.
Most of these studies conclude that the mutation rate in humans today is roughly half the rate that has been used in many evolutionary studies since 2000.
Six months later, they again collected adults from the 10 sites andfound that butterflies from the Fukushima area showed a mutation rate more than double that of those found sooner after the accident.
Finally, the method assumes that mutation rates are similar across apes, although factors such as generation time- the average number of years between generations- affect the rate. .
This might speed up the pace of evolution by promoting shorter generation times andfaster DNA mutation rates, leading to more organisms with different traits and possibly new species.
Nevertheless, the availability of high-resolution genomic data has led to the development of new methodologies for inferring population history andrefuelled the debate on the mutation rate in humans.
These papers make a convincing case that the human sequence mutation rate is substantially less than the one previously used,” says Harvard University population geneticist David Reich.
The Y-chromosome point mutation rate in humans" uses more than 50,000 years of male lineage to provide a much more detailed andaccurate estimate of the mutation rate in the male sex chromosome.
What happened to voles and frogs in the Chernobyl zone shows what can happen to humans in coming generations:increasing mutation rates, increasing morbidity and mortality, reduced life expectancy, decreased intensity of reproduction, and changes in male/female sex ratios.
We found that if we postulate a high gene mutation rate and the existence of cancer stem cells, we can reproduce the gene mutation pattern with high heterogeneity observed in the above experimental results using colorectal cancer.
According to a retrospective analysis of the LUX-Lung 3, 6 and 7 trials, median duration of osimertinib treatment after failure of afatinib was 20.2 months, andmedian OS had not yet been reached[11]. Consistent mutation rate& excellent responseForty-eight patients who had progressed after initially achieving≥ 3 months' disease control with afatinib were included in this analysis.
This group also clarified that mutation with similar characteristics takes place in germlines of humans and mice. This group repeated the passage of normal laboratory mice andmutator mice whose mutation rate at the time of DNA replication was increased by genetic modification over 20 generations for 9 years and analyzed how increased germline mutation rates affected groups in later generations.