The fourth force in the industry is the bargaining power of consumers.UBI提高了工人的议价能力,因为有保障的、无条件的收入给了他们拒绝剥削工资和恶劣工作条件的筹码。
UBI increases bargaining power for workers because a guaranteed, unconditional income gives them leverage to say no to exploitative wages and abusive working conditions.中低收入者的议价能力降低是其工资未能跟上整体经济发展脚步的主要原因。
Low- and middle-income workers' reduced bargaining power is a major reason why their wages have not kept pace with the overall growth of the economy.然而对依然发生的一切还存在另一种解释:全球化的目标之一就是削弱工人的议价能力。
But there is another interpretation of what has happened:one of the objectives of globalization was to weaken workers' bargaining power.Combinations with other parts of speech
这个问题被“软弱的工会放大了,他们的会员在世界范围内都在减少,这降低了工人的议价能力。
The problem is“amplified by weak unions, that have seen their membership decline around the world,which reduces workers' bargaining power.你的目标是诚实地回答,而不是看起来像一个没有吸引力的候选人-而不放弃太多的议价能力。
Your goal is to answer honestly without looking like an unattractive candidate-and without giving up too much bargaining power.合作社为农民提供各种机制,以避免彼此之间破坏性的竞争,并增加他们对零售商的集体议价能力。
Cooperatives provide farmers with the mechanisms to avoid destructive competition among each other andto increase their collective bargaining power vis-à-vis retailers.利润空间取决于零部件企业的行业地位、竞争结构及其与下游行业的议价能力。
Profit space depends on the industry status of parts and components,the competitive structure and its bargaining power with the downstream industry.这意味着政府将加大对公共服务和基础设施的投资,减少严重的不平等现象,并提高工会的议价能力。
This means more investment by governments in public services and infrastructure,reducing high levels of inequality and improving the bargaining power of labor unions.你的目标是诚实地回答问题,不要看起来像一个毫无吸引力的候选者,而且不要放弃太多的议价能力。
Your goal is to answer honestly without looking like an unattractive candidate-and without giving up too much bargaining power.因此如果二十一世纪的经济政策议程要想发挥其作用,就必须塑造技术发展和部署的方向,并恢复劳动者的议价能力。
Then, a twenty-first-century economic-policy agenda must shape the direction of technological development and deployment,and restore workers' bargaining power.尽管目前处于国家反垄断的大背景下,但外资企业在不放弃中国市场的前提下,仍具有极大的议价能力。
Although it is currently in the context of national anti-monopoly,foreign-funded enterprises still have great bargaining power without giving up the Chinese market.首先,马克思认为增加的投资和资本积累会减少劳动力对雇主的价值,从而降低工人的议价能力。
First, Marx thought that increased investment and capital accumulation diminished labor's value to employers andthus diminished workers' bargaining power.但在科技和咨询等收入较高的行业,员工的议价能力最强,因此这些评论的影响力最大。
But it is in higher-paid industries like tech and consulting,where workers wield the most negotiating power, that the reviews hold the most sway.需要改善农民的议价能力,以便他们能够为自己的农产品争取到合理价格。
The bargaining power of farmers needs to be improved, so that they can receive decent prices for their produce.该行业是否会提高消费税将取决于制造商、经销商和消费者的议价能力。
Whether the industry increases theconsumption tax burden will depend on the bargaining power of manufacturers, dealers and consumers.他们假设的“战略重要性”在谈判政府支持方面赋予他们强大的议价能力。
Their assumed‘strategic importance' gives them strong bargaining power in negotiating for government support.我们能够挑选一些当地的美味佳肴,再次使用我们快速发展的议价能力。
We were able to sample some of the local delicacies andyet again deploy our fast-developing bargaining skills.他们占据支配地位,有着小公司不具备的议价能力”Tsui说。
They are the dominant player now, with bargaining power that smaller companies don't have,” Tsui says.国际竞争的加强降低了这些行业男性工人的议价能力。这也许是性别工资差异缩小的一个原因(Black和Brainerd,1999年)。
Increased international competition, which reduces the bargaining power of male workers in such industries, may be one explanation for the decreasing gender wage gap(Black and Brainerd, 1999).萎缩的劳动力人口提高了劳动者的议价能力,使改革者“计划推出的更大规模竞争工资体系和加剧剥削程度”变得更为复杂。
A shrinking labour force increases the bargaining power of workers, and complicates the reformers' plans to introduce greater wage competition and increased exploitation.它还衡量了供应商和买家的议价能力、新进入者和产品替代品的威胁,以及市场上普遍存在的竞争程度。
It also measures the bargaining power of suppliers and buyers, threats to new entrants and product alternatives, and the extent of competition in the marketplace.其产品已经标准化并改进质量的合作社有可能实现规模经济,从而在采购投入和营销产出时获得额外的议价能力。
Cooperatives that standardize and make quality improvements to their products are likely to achieve economies of scale,thus gaining additional bargaining power in sourcing inputs and marketing outputs.
In the party's repayment capacity.
Workers' bargaining power was weakened;