Ví dụ về việc sử dụng Cabergoline trong Tiếng anh và bản dịch của chúng sang Tiếng việt
{-}
-
Colloquial
-
Ecclesiastic
-
Computer
Of cabergoline binds to blood proteins.
Encountered side effects required a termination of cabergoline treatment in 15% of patients.
Cabergoline was also negative in the bone marrow micronucleus test in the mouse.
Of the group of women followed up,23/29 had ovulatory cycles which continued for greater than 6 months after cabergoline discontinuation.
Cabergoline is used to treat different types of medical problems that occur when too much of the hormone prolactin is produced.
Usually the optimal therapeutic dose is 1000 μg per week, but can vary from 250 μg to 2000 μg(from½ tablets to 4 tablets)of cabergoline.
Cabergoline should only be used during pregnancy if clearly indicated and after an accurate benefit/risk evaluation.
To curtail oestrogen and prolactin side effects,it is advisable to use the steroid with prolactin inhibitors like Cabergoline and an aromatase inhibitor like Arimidex.
A further use of cabergoline is to reduce prolactin production from a type of tumour of the pituitary gland, called a prolactinoma.
In a 4-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study,treatment consisted of placebo or cabergoline at fixed doses of 0.125, 0.5, 0.75, or 1.0 mg twice weekly.
Cabergoline functions as an agonist at all of these receptors except for 5-HT7 and α2B-, where it acts as an antagonist.
Due to the long half-life of the drug and limited data on in utero exposure,women planning to become pregnant should discontinue cabergoline one month before intended conception.
Since the withdrawal period of cabergoline is long, the equilibrium concentration of the substance in the blood is observed after 4 weeks of treatment.
At daily doses of 0.5 mg/kg/day(approximately 19 times the maximum recommended human dose)during the period of organogenesis in the rabbit, Cabergoline caused maternotoxicity characterized by a loss of body weight and decreased food consumption.
In both animals and humans, Cabergoline is extensively metabolized, predominately via hydrolysis of the acylurea bond or the urea moiety.
On the basis of the elimination half-life, steady state conditions should be achieved after 4 weeks,as confirmed by the mean peak plasma levels of cabergoline obtained after a single dose(37+8 pg/ml) and after a 4 week multiple-regimen(101+43 pg/ml).
Dopamine agonist drugs such as, Cabergoline and Bromocriptine can also be used to treat elevated prolactin levels in males[9,10, 11].
Cabergoline is a white powder soluble in ethyl alcohol, chloroform, and N, N-dimethylformamide(DMF); slightly soluble in 0.1N hydrochloric acid;
Hydrolysis of the acylurea orurea moiety abolishes the prolactin-lowering effect of cabergoline, and major metabolites identified thus far do not contribute to the therapeutic effect.
On chronic therapy, cabergoline at doses ranging between 1 and 2 mg per week, was effective in normalising serum prolactin levels in approximately 84% of hyperprolactinaemic patients.
The pharmacokinetic and metabolic profiles of cabergoline have been studied in healthy volunteers of both sexes and in female hyperprolactinaemic patients.
Patients being treated with cabergoline and presenting with somnolence must be informed to refrain from driving or engaging in activities where impaired alertness may put themselves and others at risk of serious injury or death(e.g. operating machines) until such episodes and somnolence have resolved.
Bromocriptine(Parlodel®*) and Cabergoline(Dostinex®*) are medications used for women with ovulation problems because of high levels of prolactin.
Since it prevents lactation, cabergoline should not be administered to mothers with hyperprolactinemic disorders who wish to breast-feed their infants.
The recommended initial dosage of cabergoline is 0.5 mg per week given in one or two(one-half of one 0.5 mg tablet) doses(e.g. on Monday and Thursday) per week.
Over the 0.5 to 7 mg dose range, cabergoline plasma levels appeared to be dose-proportional in 12 healthy adult volunteers and nine adult parkinsonian patients.
The maximal hypotensive effect of cabergoline as a single dose usually occurs during the first 6 hours after drug intake and is dose-dependent both in terms of maximal decrease and frequency.
The elimination half-life of cabergoline, estimated from urinary excretion rates, is long 63-68 hours in healthy volunteers(using a radio-immuno assay), 79-115 hours in hyperprolactinaemic patients(using a HPLC method).
In the 8 week,double-blind period of the comparative trial with bromocriptine, cabergoline(at a dose of 0.5 mg twice weekly) was discontinued because of an adverse event in 4 of 221 patients(2%) while bromocriptine(at a dose of 2.5 mg two times a day) was discontinued in 14 of 231 patients(6%).
With regard to the endocrine effects of cabergoline not related to the antiprolactinaemic effect, available data from humans confirm the experimental findings in animals indicating that the test compound is endowed with a very selective action with no effect on basal secretion of other pituitary hormones or cortisol.