Ví dụ về việc sử dụng Estrone trong Tiếng anh và bản dịch của chúng sang Tiếng việt
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Relative to estradiol, both estriol and estrone have far weaker activity as estrogens.
The ovary produces a form named estradiol,which is converted into another important estrogen called estrone.
Estrone is important to health and disease states because of its conversion to estrone sulfate, a long-lived derivative.
In addition to its role as a natural hormone, estrone has been used as a medication, for instance in menopausal hormone therapy;
Thus, estrone and the sulfate conjugated form, estrone sulfate, are the most abundant circulating estrogens in postmenopausal women.
Unlike the case of the ER, GPER appears to be selective for estradiol, and shows very low affinities for other endogenous estrogens,such as estrone and estriol.
In particular, it was known that estrone, the form of estrogen in Premarin, could be associated with the development of endometrial cancer.
Estrogens include estradiol, the most abundant form in adult females, estriol,the primary estrogen during pregnancy and estrone, which is produced during menopause.
At high temperatures estrone is combustible and the products of combusting estrone are carbon monoxide(CO) and carbon dioxide(CO2).
One principal pathway involves the generation of 4-androstenedione,which is converted into estrone by aromatase and then by 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase into estradiol.
The estrone can, in higher doses such as in overweight women, affect fibroid growth and cause them to be more symptomatic.”.
Estrogens include estradiol, the most abundant form in adult females, estriol,the primary estrogen during pregnancy and estrone, which is produced during menopause.
Estropipate is hydrolyzed into estrone in the body.[1] Estrone can then be transformed into estradiol by 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.
A study conducted on young adult males found that the estrogen suppression rate for exemestane varied from 35% for estradiol(E2)to 70% for estrone(E1).
The conversion of testosterone into estrogens(estriol, estrone and estradiol) is governed by the aromatase enzyme complex and occurs mainly in the liver, brain and fat tissue.
They distilled over 17,000 liters(3,700 imp gal; 4,500 U.S. gal) of male urine, from which they got 50 milligrams(0.77 gr) of crystalline androsterone, which was sufficient to find that thechemical formula was very similar to estrone.
Estrogen conjugates have been used as pharmaceutical estrogens, as in estrone sulfate as estropipate(piperazine estrone sulfate) and in conjugated estrogens(Premarin) and conjugated estriol(Progynon, Emmenin).
They distilled over 17,000 litres of male urine, from which they got 50 milligrams of crystalline androsterone(most likely mixed isomers), which was sufficient to find that thechemical formula was very similar to estrone.
From estrogen, combining estradiol, estriol and estrone, the most active and significant length is the first, it is in it has the ability to convert excess testosterone in peripheral tissues(especially in the fat layer and liver).
According to another in vitro study however, the RBA of estriol for the ERα and ERβ were 14% and 21% of those of estradiol, respectively,suggesting that unlike estradiol and estrone, estriol may have preferential affinity for ERβ.
Unlike estradiol and estrone, estriol is not synthesized in or secreted from the ovaries, and is instead derived mainly if not exclusively from 16α- hydroxylation of estradiol and estrone by cytochrome P450 enzymes( e.g., CYP3A4) mainly in the liver.
Conjugated estrogens, or Conjugated Equine Estrogens(CEEs)are composed of a mixture of the water-soluble salts of sulfate esters from estrone, equilin, 17 α-dihydroequilin, and other related steroids that are purified from pregnant horse urine.
The research group set up a company called Oleoyl-Estrone Developments in 2001 which included as a founder Marià Alemany, one of the principal researches, who is also the holder of a 1998 U.S. patent(U.S. Patent 5,798,348)for fatty acid esters of estrone, including OE, in relation to fat loss.
Although circulating estrogens exist in a dynamic equilibrium of metabolic interconversions, estradiol is the principal intracellular human estrogen andis substantially more potent than its metabolites, estrone and estriol, at the receptor level.
Benzestrol produced the same type of estrus in the castrate rat when injected at 0.8 to 1.0 micrograms as when the rat was injected with 2.0 to 2.5 micrograms of estrone.[5] This is significant because less benzestrol could be used to produce the same effect as estrone in increasing estrogen production.
According to one in vitro study, the relative binding affinity( RBA) of estriol for the human ERα and ERβ was 11.3% and 17.6% of that estradiol, respectively,and the relative transactivational capacity of estrone at the ERα and ERβ was 10.6% and 16.6% of that of estradiol, respectively.
E1S itself is essentially biologically inactive, with less than 1% of the relative binding affinity of estradiol for the estrogen receptors(ERs), ERα and ERβ.[7]The compound acts as a prodrug of estrone and more importantly of estradiol, the latter of which is a potent agonist of the ERs.[2] Hence, E1S is an estrogen.