Ví dụ về việc sử dụng Lanthanides trong Tiếng anh và bản dịch của chúng sang Tiếng việt
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The 4f shell is filled in the lanthanides.
The lanthanides are metals that are located in block 5d of the periodic table.
Exceptions among the lanthanides and actinides.
Like the lanthanides, the actinides form a family of elements with similar properties.
These include the transition metals, some metalloids, lanthanides, and actinides.
Several of the lanthanides form during the fission of uranium and plutonium.
Triflates have also been applied as ligands for group 11 and13 metals along with lanthanides.
Sometimes only the lanthanides, and not the actinides, are classified as rare earths.
Like copper, iron, cobalt,and other more familiar metals, lanthanides form many colored compounds.
Like the lanthanides, all actinides are highly reactive with halogens and chalcogens;
The elements from atomic number 58 to 71 are called lanthanides because they come after lanthanum(57).
The lanthanides often appear as the first of two free-floating rows located at the bottom of the periodic table.
Elements 57- 71 are known as the lanthanides, because they begin with the element lanthanum.
Scandium and yttrium are considered rare earth elements as theytend to occur in the same ore deposits as the lanthanides and exhibit similar chemical properties.
In comparison with the lanthanides, also mostly f-block elements, the actinides show much more variable valence.
In the natural state,holmium oxide often coexists with trivalent oxides of lanthanides, and we need special methods to separate them.
In comparison with lanthanides, actinides more easily form coordination compounds, and this ability increases with the actinide valence.
Neodymium is not found naturally in metallic form orunmixed with other lanthanides, and it is usually refined for general use.
Compared to the lanthanides, which(except for promethium) are found in nature in appreciable quantities, most actinides are rare.
Some chemists exclude lanthanum and actinium from the rare earths,considering the lanthanides to start following lanthanum and the actinides to start following actinium.
In fact, the lanthanides and actinides are sometimes called the inner transition metals, referring to their properties and position on the table.
But the commercial versatility of the lanthanides extends far beyond the world of electronics.
The elements immediately following the lanthanides have atomic radii that are smaller than would be expected and that are almost identical to the atomic radii of the elements immediately above them.
Crystal structures of protactinium, uranium,neptunium and plutonium do not have clear analogs among the lanthanides and are more similar to those of the 3d- transition metals.
Thulium is the second least abundant of the lanthanides(promethium is only found in trace quantities on Earth).
Modern work shows that the iron-group elements are somewhat below normal in abundance,but it is clear that the lanthanides and other exotic elements are highly overabundant.[3].
This describes groups 3 through 12 on the periodic table,although the f-block elements(lanthanides and actinides, below the main body of the periodic table) are also transition metals.
The scandium and yttrium are considered rare earth elements since theytend to occur in the same ore deposits as the lanthanides and exhibit similar chemical properties.