Ví dụ về việc sử dụng Quantum field theory trong Tiếng anh và bản dịch của chúng sang Tiếng việt
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Quantum field theory[20,21].
All of these things are described together by an idea called“quantum field theory.”.
The quantum field theory describing the weak force on its own cannot be renormalized;
Such matter has only been seen in thebehavior of certain vacuum states as part of quantum field theory.
Why quantum field theory that describes a universe with a certain number of forces and particles and so forth?
All the particles and their interactions observed to datecan almost be described entirely by a quantum field theory called the Standard Model.
Modern physics-- in particular, quantum field theory-- tells us that all particles are just vibrations in one field or another.
Although her work is considered"pure mathematics" and is mostly theoretical,it has implications for physics and quantum field theory.
This is an example of renormalization in quantum field theory- the field theory being necessary because the number of particles changes from one to two and back again.
He is co-author with Roberto Fernández and Jürg Fröhlich of Random Walks, Critical Phenomena,and Triviality in Quantum Field Theory(Springer, 1992).
Goldstone's theorem in quantum field theory states that in a system with broken continuous symmetry, there may exist excitations with arbitrarily low energy, called the Goldstone bosons.
These corrections, referred to as the anomalous magnetic dipole moment,are very sensitive to the details of a quantum field theory model and thus provide the opportunity for precision tests of the standard model.
In quantum field theory, the probability of an event is computed by summing the probability amplitude(a complex number) for all possible ways in which the event can occur, as in the Feynman diagram shown here above in the title picture;
One of the first things you learn about quantum gravity is that quantum field theory probably isn't the answer,” says Robert McNees, a physicist at Loyola University Chicago.
It could follow the laws of physics present elsewhere in the universe, but even ifit didn't go against Einstein's principle it would undermine quantum field theory or suggest information can be lost.
While the original aim of this research was to solve problems within quantum field theory- namely calculations in QCD-some people have started to think about it again as a framework beyond quantum field theory.
This would imply that any relativistic quantum system with strongly interacting particles would explode nonperturbatively in the near ultraviolet,and therefore no perturbative quantum field theory would ever apply to such systems.
Since the standard model of particle physics is a quantum field theory, then any unification will have to include gravity as a quantum field theory, which means that solving problem 3 is connected with the solving of problem 1.
Mirror symmetry is also a fundamental tool for doing calculations in string theory, and it has been used to understand aspects of quantum field theory, the formalism that physicists use to describe elementary particles.
The classic onium is positronium, which consists of an electron and a positron bound together as a metastable state, with a relatively long lifetime of 142 ns in the triplet state.[9]Positronium has been studied since the 1950s to understand bound states in quantum field theory.
The concept is therefore generalized to the particle number operator, that is,the observable that counts the number of constituent particles.[2] In quantum field theory, the particle number operator(see Fock state) is conjugate to the phase of the classical wave(see coherent state).
In Theoretical physics you can specialise in various fields at the forefront of European and international research such as quantum technologies, fundamentals of quantum physics,quantum information and optics, quantum field theory and cosmology.
Quantum field theory(QFT), developed in the 1930s, deals with antimatter in a way that treats antimatter as made of real particles rather than the absence of particles, and treats a vacuum as being empty of particles rather than full of negative-energy particles like in the Dirac sea theory. .
Theoretical models have also been developed to study the physics of phase transitions, such as the Ginzburg- Landau theory, critical exponents and the use of mathematical techniques of quantum field theory and the renormalization group.
Recently, a strange dualityhas been found between string theory and quantum field theory, indicating that the former(which includes gravity) is mathematically equivalent to the latter(which does not) when the two theories describe the same event as if it is taking place in different numbers of dimensions.
The revelation that particle interactions, the most basic events in nature, may be consequences of geometrysignificantly advances a decades-long effort to reformulate quantum field theory, the body of laws describing elementary particles and their interactions.
But Daniele Oriti, a physicist at the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics in Golm, Germany, is hoping to find inspiration in the work of condensed-matter physicists, who have produced exoticphases of matter that undergo transitions described by quantum field theory.
According to our present understanding, the electromagnetic field itself is produced by photons,which in turn result from a local gauge symmetry and the laws of quantum field theory(see the Second quantization and Gauge boson sections below).
The discovery of these particles required very different experimental methods from that of their ordinary matter counterparts, and provided evidence that all particles had antiparticles-an idea that is fundamental to quantum field theory, the modern mathematical framework for particle physics.
Last year, high-energy physicists Alberto Nicolis of Columbia University in New York and Riccardo Penco, now at Carnegie Mellon University(CMU) in Pittsburgh,used quantum field theory to analyze the behavior of sound waves moving through superfluid helium[1].