Exemplos de uso de Bottomup em Inglês e suas traduções para o Português
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In principle, the advantage of bottomup methods is that they directly employ relevant sources at the regional level.
The ESA 95 proposes two methods, applying to either industries orinstitutional sectors: the bottomup and the top-down methods.
Priority is given to the bottomup methods although it is realised that in many cases"mixed methods" are actually used.
Whenever possible regional values which di rectly correspond in concept with the national values should be estimated directly by means ofthe bottomup methods.
In conclusion, pure bottomup methods have advantages over topdown and pseudobottomup methods and should be the first choice.
For example, in order to foster a widespread understanding of bottomup rural development, LAG meetings rotate between villages.
We argue that tv unesp is a unique means to increase the relationship with science because of the possibilities of its content production viewing a bottomup production.
Pure bottomup methods are not usually possible for these industries because full information about local KAU or local units is not available in most member states.
However, the LAG is focusing on capacity building with the hope that the new rural development programme will continue the momentum of bottomup activity in the future.
Consequently, using a bottomup analytical model under those circumstances would not be likely to allow corrections to be made on the basis of efficiency criteria when calculating depreciation and interest based on.
The Leader+ network supported the piloting of this method in the Netherlands,notably because of its compatibility with such Leader+ criteria as innovation and the bottomup approach.
This bottomup dynamic was formalised in 2005 with the creation of the‘Partnership for Krajna and Paluki' and it applied for several funding streams, successfully receiving a grant from the Polish Academy of Philanthropy.
Those with a strong system of regional government orwhere statistics are collected in regional offices have tended to compile regional accounts by aggregating these estimates a bottomup approach.
The topdown procedures do not lead to a solid,reliable data basis for judging the accuracy of the estimated values, whereas in the bottomup methods attention is drawn to a possible divergence with the national totals.
Recommendation 98/322 42shows precisely how using a bottomup economic model can provide information on the inefficiencies which would result from the use of a model which includes assets in excess of requirements.
If that question is to be answered in the negative,the national court asks, by Question 3(c), whether those costs may be proven by a valuation made on the basis of a bottomup or top-down analytical cost model.
Towards a local sustainability profile- European common indicators',developed through a bottomup approach by a working group of the expert group on the urban environment in close consultation with local authorities, is aimed at meeting the above needs.
The national regulatory authorities therefore have a margin of discretion in determining which statements of the operator's actual costsare not essential and may be replaced by the use of a bottomup analytical model.
In addition, the fifth recital in the preamble to Recommendation 98/322 states that although the bottomup economic/engineering models are becoming highly sophisticated, they are as yet imperfect,and thus reconciliation of top-down and bottomup approaches is advised for the foreseeable future.
It is my view that neither the text of the regulation, nor the reasons for its introduction, northe Court's caselaw concerning the concept of costorientation preclude the regulatory authorities from using theoretical cost models- bottomup models, for example.
When the fixed capital is made up of livestock such as draught animals or breeding stock, or of dairy animals,they must be valued- when the bottomup method is used- in line with the following convention: sales of animals to holdings in other regions constitute negative GFCF whereas purchases from other regions are positive GFCF.
Where the existing local loop is already largely depreciated, even though it still retains a high intrinsic value,to take as the principal basis for calculating imputed interest and depreciation a bottomup theoretical model and not the statements of actual costs, would produce an outcome incompatible with the objectives the principle of costorientation pursues.
It would be methodologically incorrect to take as the central basis for establishing the notified operator's costs connected with the provision of access to its network,not its cost statements, but a bottomup analytical model, which provides figures for costs connected with the provision of a modern, efficient local loop to be built from scratch by a virtual efficient operator.