Exemplos de uso de Speaker and listener em Inglês e suas traduções para o Português
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Degree of deference between speaker and listener.
Following these principles, in 1957, b. f. skinner(1904-1990) published the book verbal behavior,seeking to provide a valid explanation for the verbal relation between speaker and listener.
Thus, the greater the distance between the speaker and listener, the lower the recognition of the signal of speech.
To comprehend is the action by which speaker and listener, inserted in a historical context, renew the great social dialog.
When used in certain ways and certain contexts,they activate certain cues which the speaker and listener can both understand.
Meaning is the effect of interaction between speaker and listener produced via the material of a particular sound complex 1973, p.102-103; emphasis in original.
In 1957, Skinner published the book Verbal Behavior, in which he applied the assumptions of radical behaviorism on the explanation of the verbal relation between speaker and listener, especially emphasizing the description of the speaker. .
FM transmission provides a simple solution to reduce the distance between speaker and listener, and to consequentially decrease the masking effects of noises as well as of reverberation on speech signals.
Japanese is an agglutinative language distinguished by a system of honorifics reflecting the hierarchical nature of Japanese society, with verb forms and particular vocabulary indicating the relative status of speaker and listener.
The FM transmission provides a simple solution to reduce the distance between speaker and listener and, consequently, diminish the masked effects of the noise and the reflection to the sign of speech 4.
In the interpersonal function, on the other hand, language is used as a means of participating in speech situation, that is, language is related to the establishment of social roles in communication,it is a means of establishing relations between speaker and listener.
A current recommendation to induce naming repertoire(integration of speaker and listener repertoire) in people with developmental disabilities is the procedure of multiple exemplar instruction mei.
The cochlear implant stands out as one of the potential technologies applied in the rehabilitation of people with sensorineural hearing loss pre-lingual bilateral, enabling an auditory sensation to the individual and conditions to learn repertoires of speaker and listener.
In problem solving,the subsequent response may not be the solution, but speaker and listener behaviors interacting in a covert manner,and arriving at the solution response systematically.
Thus, the space is the locus in which the subject establishes the relationship with the interlocutor; time is the aspect that shows the location of the subject, linked to his social orientation;the topic is the subject focused on the interaction between speaker and listener; finally, the responsive action regards the statements made.
In respect to the proficiency on conversational rules the child needs to learn the roles of speaker and listener, taking his/her turns when necessaryand allowing the interlocutors to take theirs Zorzi and Hage, 2004.
How the child learns the roles of speaker and listener, how he/she develops the ability to maintain the conversational topic and how he/she becomes apt to adapt to the context, that is, to the listener and to the communicative situation of which he/she is participating.
I am going to a coffee shop"(No specific coffee shop)"I am going to the coffee shop"(A specific coffee shop both the speaker and listener know)Here is a slightly different example, but still using the same concept of specific or general.
Traugott also assumes that a distinction exists between semantics and pragmatics and, based on this distinction, defends the hypothesis that subjectification and intersubjectification both involve a reanalysis and the conventionalization of pragmatic meanings that arise as contexts within which speaker and listener negotiate meanings.
The speech intelligibility can be reduced the greater the distance between the speaker and listener, however, the different positions of each student in the classroom were not considered in this research, which could show greater losses.
Grammaticalization is understood as a process of linguistic change by means of which a word or a lexical expression becomes more grammatical or, if it is already grammatical, becomes a yet more grammatical form. According to,,,, subjectification is linked to grammaticalization in a way that, when changes take place in grammaticalization, there is an increase in subjectivity,during interaction between speaker and listener.
The patient and the therapist alternate in their role of speaker and listener and in the processes of reciprocal free association, continually evoking images, which coalesce into acts of interpretation and confrontation, which in turn create insight.
The art of text comprehension finds a foundation in the theory of Habermas, according to whom"the epistemology is engaged in the relationship between language and reality, whereas the hermeneutics has to be engaged, at the same time, in the triple relationship of a statement that works: as expression of a speaker's intention;as expression for the establishment of an interpersonal relationship between speaker and listener; as expression regarding something in the world.
The axis of speech would be determined by the primacy of the signifier, which involves the dialectics between speaker and listener and is characterized by the occurrence of redefinitions proportioned by the sanction of recognition, be it in the subject, or in the signifier.
The three register categories are immediately related to the three metafunctions of language: ideational“grammatical resources for construing our experience of the world around us and inside us”-TRANSITIVITY; interpersonal“grammatical resources for enacting social roles in general, and speech roles in particular, in dialogic interaction”-MOOD; and textual grammatical resource for construing“presentation of ideational and interpersonal meaning as information that can be shared by speaker and listener in text unfolding in context”-THEME, p.53-54.
Such result is certainly due to the acoustics of the environment and to the distance between speaker and listener, considering that it is easier to recognize speech in less reverberating environments than in reverberating environments, which makes communication more difficult.
However, it seems that the communicative tension which is established between speaker and listener, in which modalized elements are used, is not highlighted in these studies., p.229 observes that“[…] given their methodological limitations, historical studies have seldom investigated the role played by interpersonal discourse functions in semantic change.” and suggests that communicative functions of modals help to structure the semantic content of the item and have influence on semantic change.
Teaching and test tasks were conducted with discrete trials,in which two types of responses were required: speaker and listener. Listener responses consisted in selecting figures after an auditory stimulus was presentedand speaker responses were echoic or tact.
It was possible to show how MPs contribute to regulating the roles of speaker and listener via assessment, pointing their interdependency with MOODand explaining systemically the grammatical behavior of this subgroup of discourse markers in BP.