Yet, due to limited regulatory restrictions, c-decaBDE is still extensively used worldwide(Table 2.1-2.3, UNEP/POPS/POPRC.10/INF5).
目前商用十溴二苯醚的总生产规模仍是未知,而且现在仅能获取某些国家的审查、贸易和库存数据。
The overall scale of c-decaBDE production today is currently unknown, and data on production, trade and stockpiles is only available for some countries.
日本也生产商用十溴二苯醚,但主要在国内消费(附件E,日本)。
Japan produces c-decaBDE, but consumes all domestically(Annex E Japan).
作为添加型阻燃剂,商用十溴二苯醚不能在化学上与使用它的产品或原料结合。
As an additive flame retardant, c-decaBDE is not chemically bound to the product or the material in which it is used.
商用十溴二苯醚和BDE-209也是高毒性PBDD/PBDF和六溴苯的来源。
C-decaBDE and BDE-209 are also a source to highly toxic PBDD/PBDF and hexabromobenzene.
商用十溴二苯醚是一种人工合成物质,不会自然出现,在全世界的许多应用中被用作阻燃剂。
C-decaBDE is a synthetic substance with no known natural occurrence that is used as a flame retardant in many applications worldwide.
This implies that controlmeasures need to be established that address c-DecaBDE production and use to prevent further formation of components of the c-OctaBDE mixture in the environment.
C-decaBDE consist predominantly of the congener BDE-209(gt; =97%), with low levels of other brominated diphenyl ether congeners such as nonabromodiphenyl ether(0.3-3%) and octabromodiphenyl ether(0-0.04%).
Typically cdecaBDE is used in plastics/polymers at loadings of 10-15% by weight, though in some cases loadings as high as 20% have been reported(ECHA 2012c).
According to available information c-decaBDE is currently available from several producers and suppliers globally(Ren 2013a, RPA 2014, in press) and is being marketed under different tradenames(Table 1).
商用十溴二苯醚是一种通用的添加型阻燃剂,通过与原料物理结合来抑制原料燃烧和降低火焰蔓延速度。
C-decaBDE is a general purpose additive flame retardant, that is physically combined with the material in which it is used to inhibit the ignition and slow the rate at which flames spread.
Commercial decabromodiphenyl ether is a chemical product consisting predominantly of decabromodiphenyl ether(gt; 97 per cent) with low levels(0.3- 3 per cent) of nonabromodiphenyl ether and octabromodiphenyl ether(0-0.04 per cent) as impurities;
Commercially available decabromodiphenyl ether(c-decaBDE) is a polybrominated diphenyl ether(PBDE) formulation consisting of decabromodiphenyl ether(BDE-209,gt; =90%), with small amounts of nonabromodiphenyl ether and octabromodiphenyl ether..
Due to debromination of c-decaBDE and past releases of commercial penta- and octabromodiphenyl ether organisms are often exposed to a multitude of PBDEs.
Total production of c-decaBDE in the period 1970-2005 was between 1.1-1.25 million tonnes, similar to the scale of production of PCBs(POPRC 2010c, Breivik 2002).
In Europe, production of c-decaBDE ceased in 1999, but c-decaBDE is still imported in considerable quantities(ECB 2002, ECHA 2012a, c, RPA 2014(in press)).
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