Examples of using Model reader in English and their translations into Portuguese
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Colloquial
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Official
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Medicine
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Financial
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Ecclesiastic
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Ecclesiastic
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Computer
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Official/political
Had he written this sentence,he would not have taken his Model Reader into account;
The addressee, the Model Reader around whom the translation strategies are created.
Noone of the real readers, or empirical readers, can therefore coincide completely with the Model Reader.
Johnston translating has his model reader in mind; this is shown by the fact that he tries to preserve the rhyme, as a distinctive trait of poetry according to a stereotyped view.
In the modernizing approach, the main focusing point of the translator-reader is the present,it is the cultural context of her model reader.
To the British model reader, as to the model reader of any culture, the denotative meaning of the word"tabloid" is a reduced format of the newspaper, as big as one half of a traditional newspaper.
Moreover, the texts introduced in the paper did not just undergo typographic adaptations, but their content was also changed,suggesting a model reader that would be delineated for each book adapted.
Information about the model reader of the prototext can be obtained from the origins of the text itself dedications, notes, title3, subtitles, flaps for books, presentations, medium, time, place etc.
After what we have said, it is apparent that- even before dealing with the linguistic difference between prototext andreceiving culture- the translator must know who is the addressee of his mediation work, his Model Reader.
On the other hand the communicator, the translator,must try to satisfy the needs of the greatest possible number of recipients(model reader), necessarily sacrificing the needs of those individuals far-ther from the group standard.
Acceptability is, on the other hand, seen in relation to the culture receiving the metatext, the target culture. An exaggeratedly"adequate" translation can be unacceptable,i.e. there may not be any concrete expressions of its Model Reader.
The adaptation focused on the adequacy of the text to the source culture risks making its fruition by the model reader laborious, but, when successful, is a very important channel for importing alien elements into one's own culture, enriching it.
The main difficulty in analysis lies in the location of such implicit notions, because sometimes such implications are obvious to the translator, even ifthey are not necessarily so the model reader of the metatext, whom the translator addresses.
Such a discrepancy can be traced to incorrect projections by the author,based on a model reader different from the concrete readers actually receiving the text, or to the fact that a receiver can decide to manipulate the text and receive it in her way, without reckoning the supposed author's intentions.
In reality, we are positive that it is fundamental to know the final destination of a translated text, in order to comprehend the working of the translation process that produced it andto understand how to plan a translation strategy as well as how to imagine a Model Reader.
It is understood that a translator working on texts in two different languages has the author of the original,with his own considerations about his own Model Reader behind her; however, the Model Reader of the prototext does not always coincide with that of the metatext.
Apparently, the translator addresses the model reader of the metatext(explicit recipient) but since a translation is not only a means to spread a text in a culture, but also, for the translator, a means to make known her professional capabilities to other translators, prospective clients, critics, reviewers, publishers, some of her choices can be dictated by such a situation of feeling observed.
This is due both to the cultural differences between the two societies(for example,in the receiving culture the middle class, which the Model Reader may belong to, may be less developed), and to the differences concerning the publishing policy, in which the translator rarely has a strong say.
As regards the sender, the most important to the translator is the information that can shed light on the sender's intentions, no matter if they are personal data or referring to the role orstatus of the sender in her culture, on the model reader addressed in the original culture, or protoculture, and on the prototext chronotope, as well as any information that can help foresee the linguistic features of the text idiolect, dialect, sociolect, implicit culture etc.
Easy Reader model shown.
Easy Reader model is easy to read and easy to use.
Read/write distance: 10-20cm depending on the working environment and reader model.
Available Cart corresponding to the reader model that mounts KES-450DAA lenses and that thanks to which you….
For example, the text by Eco we have quoted from many times foresees a model of reader much more specialized(a researcher in semiotics, for example) than this translation course, addressing a much wider public.
In this theoretical-conceptual model, the reader should try to visualize the extreme dynamism and continuous movement happening at every moment and underlying the physiopathological changes along with the phenomenological ones.
All these types of adaptation are comprised justifiably within translations because, as these, they are characterized by the presence of a prototext or original,a metatext or translation, of a model of reader and a dominant with a hierarchy of subdominants.
In the previous part of the course, dedicated to understanding, reading, interpretation, the'adaptive' aspect of translation was premature, because an aware or unaware interpretation by the translator occurs anyway,independent of the model of reader that she has in the drafting stage.
Vice versa when the author can conceive a sufficiently flexible model of reader within the strategy with which she produces the text to match a high number of empirical readers, this amounts to saying that the openness of a text is an intrinsic, genetic trait of that text.