Examples of using Null polymorphisms in English and their translations into Portuguese
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GSTM1 and GSTT1 null polymorphisms have been the subject of several case-control studies on renal cell carcinoma.
The results of this meta-analysis suggest that GSTM1 and GSTT1 null polymorphisms are not associated with risk of developing kidney cancer.
A more recent meta-analysis including studies performed with Chinese populations investigated the association between susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma and GST null polymorphisms.
Ten papers on GSTM1 and GSTT1 null polymorphisms and kidney cancer were included in the meta-analysis.
Global association tests were then used to assess the significance of the correlation between GSTM1 and GSTT1 null polymorphisms and kidney cancer in the included studies combined.
The objective of this study was to compare the frequencies of gstm1 and gstt1 null polymorphisms in women with cervical cancer and in women with no history of cancer, as well as the possible associations between such genetic polymorphisms, cigarette smoking and the prognosis of cervical cancer.
Interestingly, the conclusions reported in these studies varied significantly, with some authors describing absence andothers presence of associations between GSTM1 and GSTT1 null polymorphisms and kidney cancer.
A meta-analysis by Tang et al. looked into the impact of null polymorphisms of the main GSTs in the development of acute leukemia in children.
This generalized lack of agreement motivated the organization of the present study,a meta-analysis designed to investigate the association between GSTM1 and GSTT1 null polymorphisms and kidney cancer.
Unsurprisingly, the effect of environmental smoke exposure is greater in children with null polymorphisms in glutathione S transferases, which are important antioxidant defense genes.
The following data were collected: site of the study; first author's name; year of publication of the paper; total number of cases and controls; andgenotypic frequency of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null polymorphisms.
The conclusions the authors reported were similar to the ones described in this metaanalysis, i.e.,no association was found between null polymorphisms in these three genes and risk of developing renal cell carcinoma.
The papers included in the present study had to meet the following inclusion/exclusion criteria: case-control studies enrolling humans published between 1999 and2013 on the association between GSTM1 and GSTT1 null polymorphisms and kidney cancer.
The authors associated GSTM1 null polymorphism with increased risk of developing pediatric acute leukemia, although an equal association was not reported for GSTT1-null genotypes.
In a meta-analysis similar to ours,Yang et al. reviewed cases of null polymorphism in three GST genes: GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1.
Objectives: to investigate the influence of the gstm1 null polymorphism, gstt1 null cyp1a1*2a and cyp1a1*2c at the risk for developing breast cancer; evaluate the association of polymorphisms and risk factors(age, smoking, alcohol, clinical features) in breast cancer, and tumor clinical and histopathologic features.
A meta-analysis by Liu et al. found no associations between GSTM1 null polymorphism and renal cancer.
This project intended to evaluate if the GSTM1 genotype and its GSTM1 null polymorphism can influence the response to chemotherapy treatment.
CYP1E1*5B and null GSTM1 polymorphisms were also associated to advanced stages of the disease.
Medeiros et al. studied 24 patients with cancer of the ovary treated with surgical cytoreduction and postoperative chemotherapy with paclitaxel and cisplatin and verified that there was no statistical difference as to survival, but there was an improvement in the mean survival anddisease-free interval in the group with null GSTM1 and null GSTT1 polymorphisms.
Lallas et al. evaluated 146 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer relative to the GSTM1 genotype and its null GSTM1 polymorphism and observed no influence on the response to chemotherapy treatment.