Examples of using Reference beam in English and their translations into Portuguese
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This scattered light is combined with the reference beam at the photo-detector.
The reference beams had lower analytical loads than experimental loads.
 One beam, called the sample beam, illuminates the sample, while the other,known as the reference beam, does not pass through the sample.
The second beam, called a reference beam, is redirected by the mirrors onto the same plate.
For the ultimate loads, strengthened beams of VA and VB groups, even increasing load capacity,had smaller displacements than the reference beams.
If I direct the reference beam toward the film at the right angle, the undistorted image emerges through the distortions.
The beam from the laser, which has a frequency fo,is divided into a reference beam and a test beam with a beamsplitter.
Where the illumination and reference beams cross paths, the interfering light waves create a light field which is now captured on film.
According Figures 9 and 10,the start of the bottom reinforcement yielding of strengthened beams occurred under loads higher than the reference beam load.
The reference beams from both groups presented a failure by bending while strengthened beams showed premature failure by tearing off concrete cover.
The test beam is directed to the target, andscattered light from the target is collected and interfered with the reference beam on a photodetector, typically a photodiode.
The sample beam and the reference beam then come together again to create an interference pattern that enables the sample imprint to be recorded in the hologram.
A vibrometer is generally a two beam laser interferometer that measures the frequency(or phase) difference between an internal reference beam and a test beam. .
It is observed that concrete's ultimate strain in the reference beam of this group showed a value of 36.1%, 88.6%, 47.5% and 80.6% higher than in the beams with two, three, four and five layers of fiber, respectively.
It was also observed that,in general, the ultimate strain of bottom reinforcement of strengthened beams of both groups were higher than the ultimate strain of bottom reinforcement of their respective reference beams.
Reference beams VA-R and VB-R presented throughout the test, for the same load level, larger displacements than the displacements of other strengthened beams of its group Figures 7 and 8, respectively.
Table 10 shows the values of compressed concrete strain of VA group for the ultimate load of reference beam 72.6 kN, as the ultimate strain of each strengthening concrete beam. .
Figures 5-a to 5-e present the reference beams VA-R and of the strengthened beams with two VA-2, three VA-3, four VA-4 and five VA-5 fiber layers, respectively, in the collapse, while Figures 6-a to 6-e are presented the collapse of the beams of the VB group, in this same order.
It was also observed higher ultimate steel strain for VB group,compared with the strains of a reference beam VB-R, with the exception of VB-5 beam, which has presented a substantial decrease in the ultimate steel deformation.
As can be seen in Figures 5-a, and 6-a, reference beams VA-R and VB-R, respectively, showed failure by bending with excessive strain in the longitudinal bottom reinforcement, observed by bending cracks in the middle of the span, followed by large strains in the concrete, occurring only in the final loading stages, despite crushing concrete in the upper flange of the beam has not been observed.
For VB beams, in the load of 49.1 kN, they showed a significant reduction in concrete's strains between 72.5% and 77.5%,compared to reference beam strains, and a similar behavior when compared with each other.
For each group of beams were produced one reference beam unstrengthened and four strengthened beams with carbon fiber fabric fibers with unidirectional orientation, which were positioned in the longitudinal direction of the beams, with the number of fiber layers ranging from two to five.
In both groups, the beam strengthened with 2 layers of fiber VA-2 and VB-2 obtained analytical loads very close to experimental loads,as well as reference beam VA-R and VB-R obtained their ultimate experimental loads higher than the ultimate analytical loads.
This is the work that best illustrates the concept of discontinuous space,because the use of three reference beams(laser beams aimed at the holographic film rather than at the object, when the image is produced) allowed us to predetermine the region in space where each letter was to be placed, as well as the specific angles at which they would become perceptible.
The load-specific deflection curves of bottom reinforcement of VA and VB beams are shown in Figures 9 and 10, respectively. Tables 6 and 7 present, for VA and VB groups, respectively, the values of bottom reinforcement yielding loads,the percentage difference of the values of these loads between the strengthened beam and the reference beam, the ultimate strains in the bottom reinforcement and the percentage difference between these strains.
It is observed that for VA strengthened beams Table 10,the concrete ultimate strain of reference beam had a value of 43.4%, 60.8% and 67.2% higher than in the beams with three, four and five layers of fiber, respectively.
The choice of the values of 72.6 kN and 49.1 kN for the VA and VA beams, respectively,was because these were the last values obtained by the data logger for reference beams of these groups, while the loads 110 kN and 85 kN for the VA and VB beams, respectively, were chosen because these values are close to the ultimate load of VA-2 and VB-2 beams, respectively.
In the strengthened beams of the VA group, there was a considerable increase of the load capacity with additions between 55.1% and 86.8%, for two and five strengthening layers, respectively,relative to the reference beam VA-R, while strengthened beams of the VB group increases load even more significantly, ranging from 89.5% to 126.2% for two and five strengthening layers, respectively, relative to the reference beam VB-R.
The international organization for standardization(iso)established four series of reference x-rays beams in the iso- 4037 standard: the l and h series, as low and high air kerma rates, respectively, the n series of narrow spectrum and w series of wide spectrum.
Camera Sync Tester has been developed to measure the mis-sync of two ormore video cameras using a CRT monitor's electron beam as reference motion.