Examples of using Import liberalization in English and their translations into Russian
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Colloquial
Nor is an across-the-board import liberalization necessary for promoting investment and exports.
This has limited the negative effects on employment and output of import liberalization.
On the other hand, the feasibility of import liberalization must be assessed in each specific case.
Gradual import liberalization by eliminating restrictions on capital goods, raw materials and semi-finished products;
Development promises made by the economic export-led model and by import liberalization remain unmet in most countries.
Import liberalization, the elimination of subsidies, the deregulation of currencies and deficit reduction often had negative consequences.
Instead, emphasis has been placed on general import liberalization as a way of promoting efficiency and competitiveness in traded goods sectors.
The consequences for gender equality of the focus on market access andlack of attention to the impact of import liberalization on livelihoods have been raised.
However, rapid import liberalization will have difficulty in enhancing productivity and promoting competitiveness when the industrial structure is weak.
However, a majority of developing countries have suffered from inappropriate import liberalization while gaining little from exports.
In Chile during the 1960s, import liberalization yielded minimal results, due to the crunch on domestic firms which were previously protected.
Development promises made by the economic export-led model and by import liberalization remain unmet in most countries.
What can be said is that rapid import liberalization will have difficulty in enhancing productivity and promoting competitiveness when the industrial structure is weak.
This success, as Dani Rodrik points out, was due to an effective investment-promotion strategy andexport-led growth but not the import liberalization which usually followed such growth.
Instead, emphasis has been placed on general import liberalization as a way of promoting efficiency and competitiveness in traded goods sectors.
Import liberalization, moreover, which normally accompanies openness, may relieve some of the pressures on domestic resources, although there are some cases where negative environmental consequences have been reported.
There is some evidence to suggest that export promotion(rather than import liberalization) may be the greatest source of dynamic competitiveness.
In addition, just as import liberalization is accompanied by the provision of adjustment assistance programmes in the developed countries, the Panel recommends putting in place forthwith similar programmes in Africa.
For instance, when the cost of living and food are driven up by financial crisis,privatization or import liberalization, girls are far more likely to drop out of school than boys.
The project is assessing the impact of import liberalization on industrial performance and on the generation of technological capabilities during the 1980s in selected African economies.
Additional project funding became available during 1994 to incorporate several additional researchers within a UNU/INTECH project on"Import Liberalization, Industrialization and Technological Capability in Sub-Saharan Africa.
In some cases,such as fisheries and tropical timber, import liberalization may offer temporary solutions by alleviating the pressure on the intensive use of resources domestically.
The examples of successful export-oriented development strategies in East Asia show not only that firms must first be strongly established in domestic markets butalso that export success preceded, rather than followed, the adoption of import liberalization policies.
Poverty is first likely to grow slightly in many countries as a consequence of import liberalization, then gradually deline following investments made in response to the reduced trade barriers of other countries.
Although the underlying forces for increased intraregional trade have been largely autonomous and market-driven, recent years have witnessed a conscious search for increased trading opportunities at the regional andsubregional levels, mainly in the form of import liberalization arrangements.
In East Asia, for example, the fact that export promotion often preceded import liberalization allowed these countries to build capacity to be competitive before they were exposed to competition from imports. .
The examples of successful export-oriented development strategies in East Asia described in section II above show not only that firms must first be strongly established in domestic markets but also that export success preceded, rather than followed,the adoption of import liberalization policies.
For example, recent shocks associated with balance of payment crises in some countries have been in part due to the combination of import liberalization policies and speculative capital inflows which have financed massive trade deficits.
Deliberate, as opposed to haphazard, import liberalization to build competitive export capability in order to take advantage of intermediate inputs and technology from global production chains has been a component of successful trade policies.
Broad export orientation in the rapidly industrializing economies of Asia has generally combined selective and phased import liberalization with export promotion rather than across-the-board trade liberalization. .