Examples of using Pbde-containing in English and their translations into Russian
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Official
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Colloquial
Recycling of PBDE-containing Plastics.
The key challenge is the screening of PBDE for separation of PBDE-containing articles.
Some PBDE-containing articles are possibly reused.
Material recycling of PBDE-containing articles.
For PBDE-containing PUF no technology has been developed yet for separation of PBDE/BFR to reuse the polymer.
Recycling flows and end-of-life of PBDE-containing materials.
Manual separation of PBDE-containing materials without instrumental help might be an option to some extent.
Development of a management strategy for PBDE-containing products at end-of- life;
Table: Operational Industrial Scale and Pilot Scale WEEE separation technologies andtheir potential to separate PBDE-containing plastic.
II: Material recovery andenergy recovery of PBDE-containing materials in metal industries.
Operational Industrial Scale WEEE separation technologies andtheir potential to separate PBDE-containing plastic.
The assessment of BAT Technologies for recycling PBDE-containing articles considering exposures from recycling and disposal options.
There may be some limited recycling also for other PBDE-containing textiles.
Recent studies have shown that PBDE-containing plastics have been used to produce articles for which no flame-retardancy is required including children's toys, household goods and video tapes.
The US and Japan are the major exporters ofplastics to China and in each case this includes large proportion of PBDE-containing WEEE plastics.
No recommendation can currently be given for using pyrolysis or gasification of PBDE-containing materials for developing/transition countries due to the lack of documented full scale experiences even in industrial countries see Appendix 3b.
It is clear therefore that emissions of PBDD/DF are highly relevant pollutants in relation to the recycling andend-of-life treatment of PBDE-containing articles.
Furthermore such recycling is not necessary because technologies to separate PBDE-containing fractions have been developed and are operating in full scale.
The methods would need however further testing and possibly adjustments to be used in practice for other key applications of PBDE-containing articles.
Addressing the presence of PBDE in consumer goods andscreening and the phasing out of contaminated consumer goods used in daily life such as PBDE-containing furniture and mattresses is an important awareness raising tool which can result in much better protection of the consumer.
An example would be where scrap cars were compacted for recovery in secondary steel industry without first removing all the PBDE-containing polymers.
Alternatively it may have been introduced to the process incidentally due to a failure to separate PBDE-containing materials from the metals being recovered.
During the assessment key knowledge gaps were found for technologies used orsuggested for energy recovery or endof-life treatment of PBDE-containing waste streams.
Therefore general municipal waste incineration is unlikely to be a feasible option for treatment of PBDE-containing waste in developing countries either now or in the future.
The standard analytical methods for the measurement of PBDE(GC/MS) andthe more rapid pyrolysis-GC/MS method are much too slow to be used in operational screening and separation of PBDE-containing materials in recycling plants.
When the persistence of PBDE in landfills is compared with the limited life-time of the engineered protection andmanagement systems in landfills it can be seen that the landfilling of PBDE-containing articles can not be considered as a safe or sustainable solution, and that it is inconsistent with the obligations of the Stockholm Convention.
In particular it is noted that there have been no studies performed or published on PBDE andPBDD/DF release from cement kilns although PBDE-containing waste streams are already used as alternative fuels.
Other thermal recovery technologies(other secondary metal industries, cement kilns, feedstock recycling technologies) used for recycling/recovery or destruction need to be further assessed andoperation conditions for the treatment of PBDE-containing materials need to be defined in Stockholm Convention BAT/BEP guidance.
PBDEs are not removed during waste-water treatment(Danon-Schaffer 2007, Kim 2013b) and a substantial amount of c-decaBDE emitted from products during service life and as waste ends up in waste-water treatment plants(WWTP) through the disposal of wash water from contaminated indoor dust,leachate from landfilled PBDE-containing products and discharge from industrial sites processing PBDE containing material, and ultimately biosolids Kim 2013a, b.