Examples of using Protonated in English and their translations into Vietnamese
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And methanium or protonated methane CH+.
Secondary oxonium ions have the formula R2OH+,an example being protonated ethers.
For example, a protonated hydroxyl group is an oxonium ion, but not a hydronium ion.
Their side chains are fully protonated at pH 7.4.
In strong acid it becomes protonated, and the oxygen can be replaced by electron rich moieties.
It is also soluble in dilute acids as the protonated derivative.
Chloroquine then becomes protonated(to CQ2+), as the digestive vacuole is known to be acidic(pH 4.7);
Those with n= 2 are called primary oxonium ions,an example being protonated methanol.
The epoxy ring of the β-epoxide(1.19) is protonated to give an oxironium ion intermediate.
Therefore, about 0.3% of any superoxidepresent in the cytosol of a typical cell is in the protonated form.[4].
The pKa of protonated triethylamine is 10.75,[4] and it can be used to prepare buffer solutions at that pH.
Acids are added to dyeing baths to increase the number of protonated amino-groups in fibers.
The dienolate intermediate is protonated, resulting in crotonyl-CoA and a release of products from the active site.
Conversely, under extremely acidic conditions,the carbonyl oxygen can become protonated with a pKa of roughly- 1.
The superoxide anion, O2-, and its protonated form, the hydroperoxyl radical HO2, are in equilibrium in an aqueous solution:[4].
GABA is found mostly as a zwitterion(i.e. with the carboxyl group deprotonated andthe amino group protonated).
In gastric parietal cell, rabeprazole is protonated and transformed to an active sulphenamide, which binds to cysteines of proton pump to inactivate this enzyme.
If a molecule is present in an environmental pH lower than the pK value,then it can exist in the protonated or acidic form.
The apparent(see original article for discussion) pKas for protonated hordenine are 9.78(phenolic H) and 10.02(ammonium H).[16].
A nucleophilic oxygen atom ofunprotonated ethanol displaces a water molecule from the protonated(electrophilic) ethanol molecule, producing water, a hydrogen ion, and diethyl ether.
The hydroperoxyl radical, also known as the perhydroxyl radical,is the protonated form of superoxide with the chemical formula HO2.
If the synthesized trifluoromethanol is protonated by superacids, for example HSbF 6(fluoroantimonic acid), the equilibrium can be further shifted to the left towards the desired product.
Hydrogen ions on the carboxyl group of salicylic acid are attracted andtransferred by the OH group of methanol and protonated thereby to form an excellent leaving group on the hydroxyl group of methanol.
The amine groups of sevelamer become partially protonated in the intestine and interact with phosphate ions through ionic and hydrogen bonding.
The inner two protons of a free-base porphyrin can be removed by strong bases such as alkoxides, forming a dianionic molecule; conversely,the inner two pyrrolenine nitrogens can be protonated with acids such as trifluoroacetic acid affording a dicationic intermediate.
Ammonium is also a general name for positively charged or protonated substituted amines and quaternary ammonium cations(NR+ 4), where one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic groups(indicated by R).
Conversely, the inner two pyrrolenine nitrogens can be protonated with acids such as trifluoroacetic acid affording a dicationic intermediate.
The search for stable carbocations lead to the discovery of protonated methane which was stabilized by superacids, like FSO3H-SbF5("Magic Acid").
Guanidine is a special case of aspecies that is exceptionally stable when protonated, analogously to the reason that makes perchloric acid and sulfuric acid very strong acids.