Примеры использования Eco-labelling programmes на Английском языке и их переводы на Русский язык
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And operating eco-labelling programmes.
Eco-labelling programmes cover a variety of product categories.
Transparency provisions in individual eco-labelling programmes.
Not all eco-labelling programmes use PPM-related criteria.
A number of developing countries are initiating eco-labelling programmes.
Eco-labelling programmes are becoming increasingly known among consumers.
Trade, environment anddevelopment aspects of establishing and operating eco-labelling programmes.
Eco-labelling programmes are established essentially for environmental purposes.
International guidelines would also provide guidance to countries wishing to develop eco-labelling programmes.
While eco-labelling programmes should primarily be established for environmental purposes.
Urge Governments to support NGOs and trade unions in eco-labelling programmes.
In practice, eco-labelling programmes have proven to be more difficult to implement than anticipated.
Trade, environment andcompetitiveness aspects of establishing and operating eco-labelling programmes TD/B/WG.6/5, 28 March 1995.
Where eco-labelling programmes exist, they have influenced consumer purchases.
Experience shows that it may be difficult to implement eco-labelling programmes which are successful in terms of producers' response.
Eco-labelling programmes also exist in a number of developing countries, including India, the Republic of Korea, and Singapore.
The preceding sections have indicated that eco-labelling programmes have raised concerns among developing country producers.
Thus, eco-labelling programmes in developed countries have had no direct positive environmental effects on developing countries.
Mutual recognition is of key interest to developing countries andan important long-term objective in establishing eco-labelling programmes in some of these countries.
In most eco-labelling programmes, there is a public review process of draft criteria before final product criteria are published.
New openings will come from the implementation of voluntary instruments,such as environmental management systems(e.g. ISO 14001) or eco-labelling programmes.
In order to be successful, eco-labelling programmes aim at some form of mutual recognition with similar programmes in OECD countries.
The UNCTAD secretariat is not aware of any study which has tried to make a systematic assessment of the effects of existing eco-labelling programmes on the environment.
Eco-labelling programmes differ considerably among each other in terms of stringency and coverage of criteria as well as in the use of Life Cycle Analysis LCA.
On the other hand,developing country producers of tropical timber have argued that eco-labelling programmes for timber should cover not only tropical timber, but also non-tropical timber.
The fact that eco-labelling programmes focus on domestic environmental conditions and priorities implies that criteria may be biased in favour of domestic producers.
Practitioners in OECD countries often provide technical assistance to developing countries andcountries in transition with a view to assisting them in setting up eco-labelling programmes.
While eco-labelling programmes were established essentially for environmental purposes, they provided an opportunity for producers to market products on the basis of their environmental attributes.
The trade effects then depend on the product coverage of eco-labelling programmes, compliance costs and possible discriminatory effects against foreign producers.
What steps, if any, have been taken or are envisaged to involve developing country trading partners in setting environmental standards andregulations or criteria for eco-labelling programmes?