Примеры использования Jirgas на Английском языке и их переводы на Русский язык
{-}
-
Official
-
Colloquial
We have convened two loya jirgas.
Traditional jirgas play an important role in peaceful settlement of small disputes at the village level.
The single non-transferable vote was used for the election of delegates to the Emergency andConstitutional Loya Jirgas.
Jirgas and panchayats are informal dispute resolution mechanisms that have existed in Pakistan for centuries.
The High Commissioner for Human Rights welcomed Pakistan's Supreme Court's observation that jirgas are illegal.
Please provide detailed information on the differences between jirgas/panchayats and Musalihat Anjuman paras. 152 and 161.
There have been cases where the jirgas have overstepped their authority and taken decisions on criminal matters, which do not fall within their mandate.
Most importantly, Superior Courts are taking suo moto notices of illegal jirgas and verdicts given by them.
Afghanistan has convened two Loya Jirgas, adopted a new constitution, and held presidential, parliamentary and provincial council elections.
Even if women dare to ask their inheritance, the access to judicialorgans barely exists and women's issues are less considered in local councils and Jirgas.
Jirgas and shuras, on the other hand, represent timehonoured traditions that respect local values, and that maintained community harmony and order while all else was collapsing.
In 2008, the Sindh Government issued directives to all District Police Officers to ensure a complete ban on holding illegal jirgas and arresting those involved.
The Czech Republic noted reports of illegal jirgas that still issue calls for violence against women and requested elaboration on the measures to eliminate these calls and to punish those responsible.
In order to fulfil its obligation to exercise due diligence in protecting human rights, ATA must ensure that jirgas and shuras(assemblies), fully conform to international human rights law.
Nor can jirgas and panchayats legally make decisions which are against the law: if they do, the offenders are dealt with according to the law and can be tried for offences which they have committed.
Although the role of local Shuras are not recognized officially as a mechanism according to the laws of Afghanistan and there are no existing mechanisms in this regard,MoJ is working to form a mechanism in this regard through forming the Law On Peace Jirgas.
Mr. Mahmood Salim Mahmood(Pakistan)said that jirgas, which existed only in a small number of tribal areas, were councils of elders whose decisions on certain matters were taken by consensus and were binding.
Success in meeting that objective has been realized through the establishment of representative district andvillage rehabilitation"councils"(shuras/jirgas), which serve to identify and set priorities and to participate in the planning and monitoring of projects.
A proposal to hold peace jirgas(gatherings of tribal and community leaders) was agreed upon during a September 2006 meeting in Washington, D.C. of the Presidents of Afghanistan, Pakistan and the United States of America.
In particular, please explain how the State party envisages ensuring that any proposed law defining the relationship between theformal justice system and traditional mechanisms for dispute resolution(jirgas and shuras) will comply with all international standards.
The Committee is concerned that informal dispute resolution forums(jirgas) continue to function and take decisions that call for the perpetration of violence against women, despite the ruling of a superior court requiring the elimination of such forums.
The reports of the two successive Special Rapporteurs on violence against women, its causes and consequences(E/CN.4/2003/75/Add.1, para. 1132 and E/CN.4/2006/61, para. 65)indicate that jirgas, or tribal councils, sometimes pass judgements requiring women to be killed in the name of honour.
During the course of the transition, Afghanistan successfully convened two loya jirgas, adopted a new Constitution enshrining the principles of democracy, held its first-ever presidential elections and, most recently, concluded its parliamentary and provincial elections.
Raise the awareness of the police, prosecutors, judges and the general public regarding the importance of addressing violations of women's rights, including domestic violence,through the formal justice system rather than jirgas and shuras; and increase the awareness of women and girls about their rights and available legal remedies;
It is further concerned at the existence of parallel justice systems(jirgas and panchayats), despite the ruling against their legality, and of different informal dispute resolution mechanisms(Musalihat Anjuman), which discriminate against women.
Ensure that any law defining the relationship between the formal justice system and informal justice mechanisms improves compliance with all national laws, including the Law on the Elimination of Violence against Women,and prohibits jirgas and shuras from addressing serious violations of human rights, as previously recommended by the international community;
AI further noted that the authorities have failed to curb informal bodies(e.g. jirgas or panchayats), which apply unfair and obscure procedures and cruel punishments, and in particular discriminating against women, from unlawfully assuming judicial functions.
Based upon her experience with many human rights cases she strongly advocated a modern, Western-style court system as had existed until the Afghan civil war, and opposed proposals to formalize traditional institutions and forms of conflict resolution,such as the Pashtun jirgas, which are notorious for ignoring human and especially women and children's rights.
The interim authority, which is to lay the groundwork for the convening of emergency as well as constitutional loya jirgas and for the holding of free and fair elections, represents the best hope for reviving Afghan ethnic unity and bringing about peace and normalcy in Afghanistan.
Women and girls are also subjected to human rights abuses as a result of the practice of jirga,an informal judicial mechanism, that applies tribal law and traditional norms in resolving disputes and conflicts. Jirgas deal with a variety of cases brought before them, ranging from disputes over land and water to murder, blood feuds and all forms of"disorderly conduct".