Примеры использования Life-history на Английском языке и их переводы на Русский язык
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The distribution tables should ideally be constructed by life-history stage;
Appendix D provides summaries of life-history information for the four pelagic groups.
Such surveys would be important for verifying the locations of life-history stages.
Life-history and process data for the krill species are included in CCAMLR-IWC-WS-08/11.
The CCAMLR Ecosystem Monitoring Programme monitors key life-history parameters of selected dependent species.
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The flying seabird report included information on diet, butthe group has not yet been able to review life-history parameters.
An increased understanding of changes in life-history parameters related to environmental effects and density dependent responses is also important.
Combining such data will need a population model which will likely incorporate life-history and/or habitat parameters.
CEMP's major function is to monitor the key life-history parameters of selected dependent species to detect changes in the abundance of harvested species.
Feedback for expert group(s)2.67 The report of the expert panel should be extended to reflect information of life-history strategy.
It was recommended that the expert group review these sources for information on life-history parameters, including for example, ageat-first reproduction.
Together, these groups constitute more than 50 per cent of faunal abundance and species richness in abyssal sediments, andrepresent a broad range of ecological and life-history types.
The Workshop discussed the potential links between atmospheric andoceanographic conditions and toothfish life-history stages and recognised the difficulties in identifying those links.
Life-history parameters have proven difficult to measure but estimates have been made from lethal sampling on the feeding grounds and photo-identification studies mainly on the breeding grounds.
The Workshop recognised that,where coarse taxonomic groups were chosen, these may contain many species with a range of life-history characteristics.
CCAMLR-IWC-WS-08/5 reviewed data on abundance, distribution, feeding ecology,exploitation and life-history parameters for these species, noting that in many cases 36 data are extremely limited or non-existent.
While it is clear that some species of animals can have a very wide distribution in the deep sea,this is likely to be strongly influenced by life-history characteristics or size.
Stock hypothesis See Key life-history stages Figure 1: Suitability of geographic five-degree-longitude sections(upper panel) against the criteria under WG-SAM-11(SC-CAMLR-XXX, Annex 5, paragraph 2.40) lower panel.
For species which have been heavily exploited,the historical record is the obvious place to look e.g. for how life-history parameters of whales changed over exploitation.
Certain life-history stages(e.g. breeding stages) may be focused on small areas, whereas other stages(especially non-breeding, but also breeding winter migration) occur across very large areas according to the species, and analyses therefore need to be scaled appropriately.
It noted that with a staged approach to FBM, effects on cetaceans could be incorporated in the future butthat temporal lags due to cetacean life-history characteristics would need to be considered.
The Working Group noted that this form of analysis could be used to test habitat shift and life-history processes of fish species in the Southern Ocean and to couple elemental signature analysis with water chemistry providing a good pathway for understanding energy transfer in Southern Ocean ecosystems.
The Working Group also noted that investigating the length of fish that undertook longdistance movement, as well as potentially examining otolith microchemistry,could provide insights into the life-history characteristics of those fish that undertake long-distance movements paragraphs 6.7 and 6.8.
The Workshop cautioned that different demersal finfish can demonstrate ontogenetic changes as a function of their life-history strategy, with adult demersal fish often utilising different habitats than juveniles.
In this respect, the FAO International Guidelines provided the following list of characteristics to be used as criteria in the identification of VMEs:(a) uniqueness or rarity;(b) functional significance of the habitat;(c)fragility;(d) life-history traits of component species that make recovery difficult; and(e) structural complexity.
It noted that one key uncertainty in the description of habitats for this species is the distribution of early life-history stages such as eggs and larvae, and encouraged Members to develop research to address this data gap.
Further work requested from expert groups 4.19 It was recommended that the expert group for baleen whales should review life-history parameters including information from historical whaling data and resulting literature.
With respect to plausible operating models,the Working Group noted that plausible scenarios will need to include consideration of life-history characteristics, ecological theory, patch dynamics of sessile organisms and interaction between the fishery and habitat.