Примеры использования Minimal model на Английском языке и их переводы на Русский язык
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In this case, X′{\displaystyle X'}is a minimal model for X{\displaystyle X.
The minimal model program is part of the birational classification of algebraic varieties.
He was awarded the Fields Medal in 2018,"for his proof of boundedness of Fano varieties and contributions to the minimal model problem.
This leads to the idea of minimal models: is there a unique simplest variety in each birational equivalence class?
MSSM Abbreviation for minimal supersymmetric standard model. mSUGRA Minimal model of supergravity.
So the minimal model conjecture would give strong information about the birational classification of algebraic varieties.
In particular, Birkar, Cascini, Hacon, and McKernan(2010)proved that every variety of general type over a field of characteristic zero has a minimal model.
A smooth projective surface has a minimal model in that stronger sense if and only if its Kodaira dimension is nonnegative.
They also proved several other problems including finite generation of log canonical rings and existence of minimal models for varieties of log general type.
When Y exists,it is called the minimal model of X. At first, it is not clear how to show that there are any algebraic varieties which are not rational.
It is not clear that the required flips exist, nor that they always terminate that is,that one reaches a minimal model X′{\displaystyle X'} in finitely many steps.
In the more modern terminology of the minimal model program, a smooth projective surface X would be called minimal if its canonical line bundle KX is nef.
Castelnuovo's contraction theorem is used in the classification theory of algebraic surfaces to construct the minimal model of a given smooth algebraic surface.
A uniruled variety does not have a minimal model, but there is a good substitute: Birkar, Cascini, Hacon, and McKernan showed that every uniruled variety over a field of characteristic zero is birational to a Fano fiber space.
It seems natural to hope that if we startwith smooth X{\displaystyle X}, then we can always find a minimal model or Fano fibre space inside the category of smooth varieties.
Note that Serre's theorem guarantees the same vanishing for large powers ofL. Kodaira vanishing and its generalizations are fundamental to the classification of algebraic varieties and the minimal model program.
The major conceptual advance of the 1970s andearly 1980s was that the construction of minimal models is still feasible, provided one is careful about the types of singularities which occur.
The generic fiber in such a fibration is a genus 1 curve over the function field of B. Conversely, given a genus 1 curve over the function field of a curve,its relative minimal model is an elliptic surface.
Castelnuovo's theorem implies that to construct a minimal model for a smooth surface, we simply contract all the -1-curves on the surface, andthe resulting variety Y is either a(unique) minimal model with K nef, or a ruled surface which is the same as a 2-dimensional Fano fiber space, and is either a projective plane or a ruled surface over a curve.
That being said, the minimal model conjecture would imply that every variety X is either covered by rational curves or birational to a minimal variety Y. When it exists,Y is called a minimal model of X. Minimal models are not unique in dimensions at least 3, but any two minimal varieties which are birational are very close.
The minimal conditional convergence model can be represented as follows.
Changes for the 1947 and 1948 model years were minimal.
Theories that lie beyond the Standard Model include various extensions of the standard model through supersymmetry, such as the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model(MSSM) and Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model(NMSSM), and entirely novel explanations, such as string theory, M-theory, and extra dimensions.
The simplest supersymmetrization of the SM leads to the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model or MSSM.
An application of these methods to the minimal supersymmetric standard model finite-temperature Higgs potential gives some interesting results.
In the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model, baryon number and lepton number are no longer conserved by all of the renormalizable couplings in the theory.
Vepol(matter+ field)- a model of interaction in the minimal system, which uses characteristic symbols.
Model(A1-10) represents the minimal conditional convergence model with spatial lag on the initial value.
However, while the amendments proposed by his delegation with regard to confidentiality andmatters referred to elsewhere in the model provisions were minimal and would improve the provision somewhat, it would withdraw its proposals for specific examples such as the environment.
The model and parameters of minimal energy for Watson-Crick pairs, GU pairs and loop regions were derived from empirical calorimetric experiments, the most up-to-date parameters were published in 2004, although most software packages use the prior set assembled in 1999.