Примеры использования Nodal analysis на Английском языке и их переводы на Русский язык
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Iv Nodal analysis.
A more comprehensive description of this nodal analysis is found below.
Nodal analysis relies on a mathematical description of an individual well with consideration for well bore configuration and reservoir characteristics.
These rates had to some extent been derived from KPC Consultant 1's nodal analysis study.
For example, KPC's Consultant 4 prepared a nodal analysis for the two reservoirs they studied.
In short, nodal analysis is a model of an individual well, while reservoir simulation models an entire reservoir system.
The Panel has carefully considered the capabilities and the limitations of the nodal analysis technique as outlined above.
By focusing on outflow performance, nodal analysis generates what is essentially a maximum production volume per unit of time for each well.
The Panel notes that its consultants were unable to replicate the nodal analysis work of KPC's Consultant 1.
As with the nodal analysis work undertaken for the Greater Burgan, the results were adjusted for natural reservoir decline rates and for water production.
SPICE1 was coded in FORTRAN and used nodal analysis to construct the circuit equations.
As noted above, nodal analysis is a well-by-well analytical technique focusing on the productive potential of individual wells.
KPC's reservoir simulation consultants also relied to one extent or another on nodal analysis as part of their work.
The Panel's own petroleum engineers prepared an independent nodal analysis of a large number of the most prolific wells and completions in the Greater Burgan.
The Panel considers that the ability to set adjustment factors to take into account these real world conditions is an advantage of the nodal analysis approach to measuring blow-out volumes.
The Panel concludes that nodal analysis is, to the extent it is used properly, appropriate for the prediction and estimation of the oil blow-out volumes lost in this case.
The Panel directed its petroleum engineering consultants to prepare an independent nodal analysis of a large number of the most prolific wells and completions in these reservoirs.
Nodal analysis considers the ability of an individual well configuration to produce oil, and it can therefore be said that it is based on"outflow" performance.
For the Minagish losses estimated by KPC's Consultant 2,the calculated loss of crude oil using this nodal analysis method was within 0.5 per cent of the claimed amount.
This nodal analysis calculated a maximum potential flow rate for each well, which was then adjusted for natural reservoir decline rates and for water production.
Given the relatively small volumes of crude oil claimed in these five studies, andthe lack of methodological deficiencies, the Panel did not request independent nodal analysis with respect to these reservoirs.
This nodal analysis does not take into account well-head constriction, decline rates or increasing water production, and therefore represents a maximum case blow-out volume only.
For the Raudhatain and Sabiriyah losses estimated by KPC's Consultant 4,the calculated loss of crude oil using this nodal analysis method was within 1 per cent of the claimed amount.
The Panel notes that the nodal analysis work performed by its petroleum engineering consultants effectively confirmed the volumes calculated by these consultants using the reservoir simulation method.
The use of a flowing bottom hole pressure of 14.7 psia,coupled with the use of maximum potential flow rate for each well derived from a nodal analysis study that could not be replicated, lead the Panel to this decision.
Accordingly, the Panel will use the nodal analysis studies prepared by its own petroleum engineering consultants as a point of reference in assessing the reservoir simulation studies prepared by KPC's consultants.
The Panel notes that its petroleum engineering consultants calculated a loss of oil from this portion of the Greater Burgan in the amount of 597.2 million barrels of oil using the nodal analysis method, and that this figure has been effectively confirmed through the sensitivity analysis conducted at the Panel's request and adjusted as noted above.
As a well-by-well tool, nodal analysis is not capable of considering the impact of a blow-out in a neighbouring well, whereas production from neighbouring wells in the same reservoir would be considered by a reservoir simulation model.
This decision was taken because of the immense scale of the losses estimated in that report, which dealt with the largest reservoir atissue in the claim, because of the large difference between the reservoir simulation and the nodal analysis estimates prepared by that consultant, and because of the assumption of a flowing bottom hole pressure limit of 14.7 psia.
In conjunction with the sensitivity studies and the nodal analysis work undertaken by the Panel's petroleum engineering consultants, and in order to study the well-head constriction, water coning and coke accumulation issues, the Panel directed a further round of technical inspections and witness interviews.