Примеры использования Upper stages на Английском языке и их переводы на Русский язык
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De-orbit and re-entry of spacecraft and upper stages.
Payloads and upper stages launched into geostationary orbit, 1963-1996.
Passivation of the spacecraft and the upper stages at the end of the mission;
All three Pegasus satellites were launched by Saturn I rockets, andremained connected with their upper stages.
Re-entry risks of vehicle upper stages and payloads.
Other designs in the series replaced the F-1s with large solids,while others studied nuclear rocket engines for the upper stages.
Re-orbiting of the spacecraft and the upper stages at the end of the mission;
The upper stages or components of launch vehicles left in GTO may be manoeuvred to prevent interference with systems in GEO.
The thermochemical loads of a cyclone preheater upper stages are low to moderate.
Initial studies have shown that the greatest near-term benefit can be gained by the elimination of accidental explosions of spacecraft and upper stages.
Launches(including launch vehicle upper stages, payloads and mission-related objects);
The RD843 engine generates thrust and provides two-axis flight control of launch vehicle upper stages and booster stages. .
Most re-entering spacecraft and upper stages have been destroyed by entry heating.
The upper stages of H-I and H-II launch vehicles were designed not to generate operational debris and to prevent on-orbit break-ups caused by residual energy.
From 1963 to 1999, as many as 573 spacecraft and almost 200 upper stages were launched near GSO.
C-1 was similar to the A-1, but used new upper stages derived from Titan engines, while the similar C-2 used new J-2 powered upper stages.
The RD809M generates thrust andcontrols flight of launch vehicle upper stages and booster stages. .
The first stage and the two dummy upper stages arrived on August 15, 1961 on the barge Compromise.
The upper stages or components of launch vehicles left in GTO may be either soon removed from orbit or, if removal is not possible, manoeuvred to prevent interference with systems in GEO.
The RD809K engine generates thrust andcontrols flight of the upper stages of the Mayak family rockets.
Analyses of accidental fragmentations for both spacecraft and upper stages have shown that vehicle deorbiting or passivation, i.e. the removal of all forms of stored energy, would eliminate most such events.
Upper stages used to move geostationary satellites from GTO to GSO should be inserted into a disposal orbit at least 300 km above the geostationary orbit and freed of residual propellant.
Incorporating debris mitigation measures into spacecraft and upper stages may increase or decrease overall reliability.
The number of spacecraft, upper stages and end-of-life(EOL) manoeuvres is given in figures 1 and 2 and in table 1, which were provided by the NASA Johnson Space Center.
This raised difficulties for the four remaining companies as NASA had still not yet decided on various aspects of the stage including size, and the upper stages that would be placed on top.
In all operational orbit regimes spacecraft and upper stages should be designed to eliminate or minimize debris released during normal operations.
Upper stages used to transfer geostationary spacecraft from geostationary transfer orbit to geostationary orbit should, on completion of the mission, be inserted into a disposal orbit that has a perigee at least 300 km above the geostationary orbit;
It was understood that space debris are inactive man-made objects,such as spent upper stages, spent satellites, fragments or parts generated during launch or mission operations, or fragments from explosions and other break-ups.
Following a two-year review process, new regulations were adopted in 1999 to avoid collisions between launch vehicle components andtheir released spacecraft and to prevent explosions by passivating upper stages.
The NASA designs were conceived as replacements for the upper stages of the Saturn V launch vehicle, but the tests revealed reliability problems, mainly caused by the vibration and heating involved in running the engines at such high thrust levels.