Примеры использования Vector bundle на Английском языке и их переводы на Русский язык
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In particular, the vector bundles need not necessarily be complex.
This is the approach in the book by Milnor and Stasheff, andemphasizes the role of an orientation of a vector bundle.
They are topological invariants associated with vector bundles on a smooth manifold.
The definition of a vector bundle shows that any vector bundle is locally trivial.
The main assumption of this work is a strong monotonicity of a linear skew-product flow on trivial vector bundle.
Complex vector bundles can be viewed as real vector bundles with additional structure.
Serre also proved Serre duality for holomorphic vector bundles on any compact complex manifold.
For complex vector bundles of dimension greater than one, the Chern classes are not a complete invariant.
The question of"whether two ostensibly different vector bundles are the same" can be quite hard to answer.
Unlike vector bundles, they form an abelian category, and so they are closed under operations such as taking kernels, images, and cokernels.
On a reduced locally Noetherian scheme, however, a coherent sheaf is a vector bundle if and only if its rank is locally constant.
In topology, differential geometry, andalgebraic geometry, it is often important to count how many linearly independent sections a vector bundle has.
The Chern classes provide a simple test: if the Chern classes of a pair ofvector bundles do not agree, then the vector bundles are different.
The top Chern class of V(meaning c n( V){\displaystyle c_{n}(V)}, where n is the rank of V) is always equal to the Euler class of the underlying real vector bundle.
The same result holds in algebraic geometry for algebraic vector bundle over P k 1{\displaystyle\mathbb{P}_{k}^{1}} for any field k{\displaystyle k.
More generally, any sheaf of modules over a soft sheaf of commutative rings is soft; for example,the sheaf of smooth sections of a vector bundle over a smooth manifold is soft.
Each corresponding extended connection is a connection in the vector bundle(D, π, X) defined by the interior connection and by an endomorphism N: D→ D.
The choice of the endomorphism N: D→ D determines the properties of the extended connection,whence those of the almost contact metric structure appearing on the space D of the vector bundle D, π, X.
In particular every holomorphic vector bundle over C P 1{\displaystyle\mathbb{CP}^{1}} is a direct sum of holomorphic line bundles.
Wolf Barth(20 October 1942, Wernigerode- 30 December 2016,Nuremberg) was a German mathematician who discovered Barth surfaces and whose work on vector bundles has been important for the ADHM construction.
The basic observation is that a complex vector bundle comes with a canonical orientation, ultimately because G L n( C){\displaystyle GL_{n}(\mathbb{C})} is connected.
If M is also compact and of dimension 2d, then each monomial of total degree 2d in the Chern classes can be paired with the fundamental class of M, giving an integer, a Chern number of M. If M′ is another almost complex manifold of the same dimension,then it is cobordant to M if and only if the Chern numbers of M′ coincide with those of M. The theory also extends to real symplectic vector bundles, by the intermediation of compatible almost complex structures.
The generalized Chern classes in algebraic geometry can be defined for vector bundles(or more precisely, locally free sheaves) over any nonsingular variety.
The Todd class of a vector bundle can be defined by means of the theory of Chern classes, and is encountered where Chern classes exist- most notably in differential topology, the theory of complex manifolds and algebraic geometry.
He shows using the Leray-Hirsch theorem that the total Chern class of an arbitrary finite rank complex vector bundle can be defined in terms of the first Chern class of a tautologically-defined line bundle. .
The result of Grothendieck(1957), that holomorphic vector bundles on the Riemann sphere are sums of line bundles, is now often called the Birkhoff-Grothendieck theorem, since it is implicit in much earlier work of Birkhoff(1909) on the Riemann-Hilbert problem.
A gauge symmetry of a Lagrangian L{\displaystyle L}is defined as a differential operator on some vector bundle E{\displaystyle E} taking its values in the linear space of(variational or exact) symmetries of L{\displaystyle L.
Vector bundles on algebraic curves may be studied as holomorphic vector bundles on compact Riemann surfaces. which is the classical approach, or as locally free sheaves on algebraic curves C in a more general, algebraic setting which can for example admit singular points.
The tangent bundle to an n-dimensional manifold M may be defined as a rank n vector bundle over M whose transition functions are given by the Jacobian of the associated coordinate transformations.
For any vector bundle V over a manifold M, there exists a mapping f from M to the classifying space such that the bundle V is equal to the pullback, by f, of a universal bundle over the classifying space, and the Chern classes of V can therefore be defined as the pullback of the Chern classes of the universal bundle; these universal Chern classes in turn can be explicitly written down in terms of Schubert cycles.