Приклади вживання Battery cages Англійська мовою та їх переклад на Українською
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Battery cages in practice.
Bhutan outlawed battery cages in 2012.[1].
In February 2016,90% of egg-laying hens in Canada lived in battery cages.
Early reports from Arndt about battery cages were enthusiastic.
The short answer is that the term cage-freemeans the birds were not raised in battery cages.
Being indoors, hens in battery cages do not see sunlight.
Battery cages- note the low light intensity beyond range of the camera flashgun.
The short answer is that the term cage-freemeans the birds were not raised in battery cages.
In these barren battery cages, hens never escape their surroundings.
Farmers were no longerallowed to keep egg-laying hens in barren battery cages smaller than an A4 sheet of paper.
Battery cages have generated controversy between advocates for animal welfare and industrial producers.
In countries with relevant legislation, floor space for battery cages ranges upwards from 300 cm2 per bird.
Switzerland banned battery cages from 1 January 1992; it was the first country to impose such a ban.[35][36].
The European Union Council Directive 1999/74/EC[6]banned conventional battery cages in the EU from January 2012 for welfare reasons.
Battery cages are a housing system used for various animal production methods, but primarily for egg-laying hens.
To reduce the harmful effects of feather pecking, cannibalism and vent pecking,most chicks eventually going into battery cages are beak-trimmed.
Efforts are undertaken to prohibit battery cages in countries around the world, including Bhutan, India, Brazil, Costa Rica and Mexico.[1].
Beak-trimming is a procedure considered by many scientists to cause acute pain and distress with possible chronic pain; it ispractised on chicks for all types of housing systems, not only battery cages.[1].
However, hens from battery cages experienced fewer old breaks(17.7%) compared to hens in barn(69.1%), free-range(59.8%) and furnished cages(31.7%).[49].
The passage of California Proposition 2(2008) aimed, in part,to reduce or eliminate the problems associated with battery cages, by setting the standard for space relative to free movement and wingspan, rather than cage size.
Battery cages also used for mink, rabbit, chinchilla and fox in fur farming, and most recently for the Asian palm civet for kopi luwak production of coffee.
During 2013 the stategovernment of Tasmania was planning to phase out battery cages and budgeting for financial compensation for affected farmers but this was scrapped following the 2014 election.[17][18].
Early battery cages were often used for selecting hens based on performance, since it is easy to track how many eggs each hen is laying if only one hen is placed in a cage. .
Some animal welfare organisations, such as Compassion in World Farming, have criticised this move, calling for enriched cages to be prohibited as they believe they provide no significant orworthwhile welfare benefits compared with conventional battery cages.
One study showed that 24.6% of hens from battery cages had recent keel fractures whereas hens in furnished cages, barn and free-range had 3.6%, 1.2% and 1.3% respectively.
Battery cages are also illegal in Michigan due to HB 5127, passed in 2009, which mandates that certain farm animals have enough room to stand up, lie down, turn around and extend their limbs, rather than being confined in tiny cages.[39].
With the local led lighting in all tiers and battery cages, is created an uniform illumination,"effect of flat illuminated at night" occurs, when through the window there is nothing to see and is seen from the street.
Original battery cages extended the technology used in battery brooders, which were cages with a wire mesh floor and integral heating elements for brooding chicks.
Oregon SB 805 also banned battery cages and set forth a transition to enriched colony cages, doubling the space per egg-laying hen.[41][42] This law served as the model for a national agreement between the Humane Society of the United States and the United Egg Producers.[43].
Germany banned conventional battery cages from 2007, five years earlier than required by the EU Directive,[24] and has prohibited enriched cages from 2012.[25] Mahi Klosterhalfen of the Albert Schweitzer Foundation has been instrumental in a strategic campaign against battery cages in Germany.[26].