Приклади вживання False-consensus Англійська мовою та їх переклад на Українською
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The false-consensus effect is just one example of such an inaccuracy.
This may result in distorted data from some studies of the false-consensus effect.
The false-consensus effect occurs when individuals overestimate the extent to which other people share their opinions, attitudes, and behavior.
There is ambiguity about several facets of the false-consensus effect and of its study.
The false-consensus effect, as defined by Ross, Greene, and House in 1977, came to be the culmination of the many related theories that preceded it.
Performing an action that promotes theposition will make it more salient and may increase the false-consensus effect.
The false-consensus effect is an important attribution bias to take into consideration when conducting business and in everyday social interactions.
If, however, more positions are presented to the individual, the degree of the false-consensus effect might decrease significantly.[12].
This theory stresses the benefits of the false-consensus effect: namely, the perception of increased social validation, social support, and self-esteem.
First of all, it is unclear exactly which factors play the largest role in the strength andprevalence of the false-consensus effect in individuals.
The false-consensus effect can be traced back to two parallel theories of social perception,"the study of how we form impressions of and make inferences about other people".
A person's personality potentiallycould affect the degree to which the person relies on false-consensus effect, but not the existence of such a trait.
The false-consensus effect is not restricted to cases where people believe that their values are shared by the majority, but it still manifests as an overestimate of the extent of their belief.
In a study done by Fox, Yinon, and Mayraz,researchers were attempting to determine whether or not the levels of the false-consensus effect changed in different age groups.
Members of the latter category will more often experience the false-consensus effect, because the subject is likely to search actively for like-minded supporters and may discount or ignore the opposition.
Similarly, any elements of society affected by public opinion- e.g., elections, advertising, publicity-are very much influenced by the false-consensus effect.
In a parallel example of the false-consensus effect, a student who likes binge drinking would believe that a majority also likes it, while in reality most others dislike it and openly say so.
In the ten years after the influential Ross et al. study,close to 50 papers were published with data on the false-consensus effect.[10] Theoretical approaches were also expanded.
The false-consensus effect can be traced back to two parallel theories of social perception,"the study of how we form impressions of and make inferences about other people".[4] The first is the idea of social comparison.
This theory suggests that when an individual focuses solely on their own preferred position, they are more likely to overestimate its popularity,thus falling victim to the false-consensus effect.
The false-consensus effect can be contrasted with pluralistic ignorance, an error in which people privately disapprove but publicly support what seems to be the majority view(regarding a norm or belief), when the majority in fact shares their(private) disapproval.
This theory suggests that when an individual focuses solely on their own preferred position, they are more likely to overestimate its popularity,thus falling victim to the false-consensus effect.[12] This is because that position is the only one in their immediate consciousness.
The results showed that the false-consensus effect was extremely prevalent in all groups, but was the most prevalent in the oldest age group(the participants who were labeled as"old-age home residents"). They showed the false-consensus effect in all 12 areas that they were questioned about.
Additionally, it can be difficult to obtain accurate survey data about the false-consensus effect(as well as other psychological biases) because the search for consistent, reliable groups to be surveyed(often over an extended period of time) often leads to groups that might have dynamics slightly different from those of the"real world".
The false-consensus effect is closely related to conformity, the effect in which an individual is influenced to match the beliefs or behaviors of a group. There are two differences between the false-consensus effect and conformity: most importantly, conformity is matching the behaviors, beliefs, or attitudes of a real group, while the false-consensus effect is perceiving that others share your behaviors, beliefs, or attitudes, whether or not they really do.
There are two differences between the false-consensus effect and conformity: most importantly, conformity is matching the behaviors, beliefs, or attitudes of a real group, while the false-consensus effect is perceiving that others share your behaviors, beliefs, or attitudes, whether or not they really do.
While the false-consensus effect leads people to wrongly believe that the majority agrees with them(when the majority, in fact, openly disagrees with them), the pluralistic ignorance effect leads people to wrongly believe that they disagree with the majority(when the majority, in fact, covertly agrees with them).
The high levels of false-consensus effect seen in this study can be attributed to the group studied; because the participants were asked to compare themselves to a group of peers that they are constantly around(and view as very similar to themselves), the levels of false-consensus effect increased.[13].
The increase in false-consensus effect seen in the oldest age group can be accredited to their high level of"logical" reasoning behind their decisions; the oldest age group has obviously lived the longest, and therefore feels that they can project their beliefs onto all age groups due to their(seemingly objective) past experiences and wisdom.
(1992) did a popular study on the effects of the false-consensus effect among a specific adolescent community in an effort to determine whether students show a higher level of false-consensus effect among their direct peers as opposed to society at large.[13] The participants of this experiment were 203 college students ranging in age from 18 to 25(with an average age of 18.5).