Приклади вживання Substituents Англійська мовою та їх переклад на Українською
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Where R is fatty-acid substituents of original methyl esters.
As shown in the figure below,the phenyl group at the 2-position can carry different substituents.
The product is a pyrrole with substituents at the 3 and 4 positions.
Figure 3. Zirconiumphthalocyanine containing lysine fragments as out-planed substituents.
Depending on substituents, different manners of their coordination have been established.
Trimethine cyanine dyes as fluorescent probes for amyloid fibrils: The effect of N,N'-substituents.
If both the higher-priority substituents are on the same side, the arrangement is Z;
М17 Aromaticity and conformational flexibility of six-membered rings:influence of heteroatoms and substituents.
When two or more substituents are present, these substituents may be the same or different.
Spiroatoms can be chiral centers,even when they lack the four different substituents needed to observe chirality.
It should be noted that fatty-acid substituents R are hydrocarbons with one or several unsaturated(double,-HC=CH-) bonds.
Chirality most often results from the presence of an asymmetrical atom,usually a carbon atom with four different substituents.
If adamantane molecules have four different substituents at every nodal carbon site, then they are chiral and optically active.
M17 Aromaticity and conformational flexibility of six-membered rings:influence of heteroatoms and substituents(Number of comments: 3).
If both the higher-priority substituents are on the same side, the arrangement is Z; if on opposite sides, the arrangement is E.
Yagupolskii school we observe a rapid evolution of a new scientific direction-chemistry of aromatic and heterocyclic compounds with fluorine-containing substituents.
It is a pyrimidine derivative, with a heterocyclic aromatic ring and two substituents attached an amine group at position 4 and a keto group at….
Under such conditions, substituents may be on the same side of the plane of a double bond or ring(cis-position) or on different sides(transposition).
In the case of geometric isomers that are a consequence of double bonds, and, in particular,when both substituents are the same, some general trends usually hold.
The molecular fragments could be substituents at various substitution sites in congeneric set of molecules or could be on the basis of pre-defined chemical rules in case of non-congeneric sets.
When the substituent groups are oriented in the same direction, the diastereomer is referred to as cis, whereas, when the substituents are oriented in opposing directions, the diastereomer is referred to as trans.
Rubbers with heteroatoms as substituents or having them in their composition are often characterized by high resistance to the action of solvents, fuels and oils, resistant to the action of sunlight, but have the worst mechanical properties.
The cis- trans system for naming alkene isomers should generally only be used when there are only two different substituents on the double bond, so there is no confusion about which substituents are being described relative to each other.
According to van't Hoff, this theory is based on the notion of a tetrahedral model of tetravalent carbon and the premise that optical isomerism is the consequence of the spatial asymmetry of molecules,in which the carbon atom is attached to four different substituents.
The parent carbonchain is then numbered in such a mode that the substituent gets the lowest possible numbers.