英語 での Neural tube の使用例とその 日本語 への翻訳
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Many neural tube defects can be detected before birth.
These groups share all possess notochords, dorsal,hollow neural tubes, and somites.
In the developing brain, the lumen of the neural tube becomes the ventricles where cerebrospinal fluid flows.
Neural tube defects(NTDs) arise from failure of embryonic neural tube closure between the 21st and 27th days after conception, a time when many women may not even realize they are pregnant(26).
The most vulnerable moment is 23 weeks,when the fetal neural tube is just beginning to form.
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Common defects include neural tube defects, which are replicated in laboratory studies on glyphosate(see later).
In the image above, blue cells will become part of the heart andgreen cells will become the neural tube, which later forms the brain and spinal cord.
The defects arise from failure of embryonic neural tube to close, which occurs between the 21stand 28th days after conception, a time when many women are unaware of their pregnancy(38).
Newer case-control studies conducted after food fortification did not show aprotective effect of folic acid supplementation on neural tube defects(OR range, 0.93 to 1.40[95% CI included the null]).1.
Neural tube defects(NTD) may result in devastating and sometimes fatal birth defects, occuring between the 21st and 27th days after conception, a time when many women do not realize they are pregnant(10).
In addition, a malfunction of the gland provokes severe damage to the neural tube in the fetus, a pronounced intrauterine growth retardation, and multiple deformities are likely.
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES) data from 2003 to 2006 suggest that 75% of non-pregnant women aged 15 to 44 years do not consume the recommendeddaily intake of folic acid for preventing neural tube defects.
Low maternal vitamin B12 statushas been associated with an increased risk of neural tube defects(NTD), but it is not known whether vitamin B12 supplementation could help reduce the risk of NTD.
The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare(MHLW) recommends that women who are planning to become pregnant and women who may become pregnant take 0.4mg(400μg) of folic acid per day as supplements inaddition to folate from meals to reduce the risk of neural tube defects.
The discovery that folic acid supplementation inearly pregnancy can reduce the incidence of neural tube defects by as much as 80% has been referred to as one of the greatest discoveries of the last part of the 20th century.
However, the prevention of neural tube defects(NTD) was not considered when setting the RDA for pregnant women because the crucial events in the development of the neural tube occur before many women are aware that they are pregnant(10).
Most of these tests are offered primarily to couples with an increasedrisk of having a baby with a genetic abnormality(particularly neural tube defects) or a chromosomal abnormality(particularly when the woman is aged 35 or older).
The CNS originates from the neural tube(shown on the left) while the peripheral nervous system arises from the neural crest, a transient population of cells that migrate from the dorsal neural tube.
Folic acid supplements before conception and in early pregnancy(up to 12 weeks) for the prevention of birth defects| Cochrane Folic acid is a synthetic form of folate used in supplements and fortified staple foods(like wheat and maize flour)to reduce the occurrence of neural tube defects NTDs.
Since the discovery of the link between insufficient folic acid and neural tube defects(NTDs), governments and health organisations worldwide have made recommendations concerning folic acid supplementation for women intending to become pregnant.
The evidence became so overwhelming that the FDA finally had to reverse their previous position and acknowledge the association and allow folic acid supplements and high folic acid containing foods to claim that“daily consumption of folic acid by women ofchildbearing age may reduce the risk of neural tube defects.”.
Although all women of childbearing ageare at risk of having a pregnancy affected by neural tube defects and should take folic acid supplementation, some factors increase their risk, including a personal or family history(first- or second-degree relative) of neural tube defects.
NIBB's Hitosh Morita(Graduate student) and professor Naoto Ueno, in a collaborative research project with Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center's professor Christopher Wylie,have clarified one aspect of the neural tube closure system through the effects of two cell adhesion molecules that deftly cooperate together and transform cell shape.
Current research indicates that this testwill detect 75 to 85 percent of neural tube defects(defects in the spine or head) and 60 percent of Down syndrome in babies of women younger than 35, and 75 percent of neural tube defects and Down syndrome in babies of women 35 and older.
In cooperation with the directors of S-PLANT Dental Hospital and Anatomage America,the operation is first diagnosed precisely on the patient's jawbone, neural tube, and teeth through three-dimensional computed tomography(CT) to determine the angle at which the implant is implanted and how deep the implant is to determine the optimal surgical plan for the patient.
The available scientific evidenceshows that adequate folate intake prevents neural tube defects and other poor outcomes of pregnancy; is helpful in lowering the risk of some forms of cancer, especially in genetically susceptible individuals; and may lower the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Likewise in the U.S.: despite the effectiveness of vitamin B9(folic acid)supplementation in preventing neural tube defects, it appears that less than half of women in the U.S. who become pregnant follow the recommendation─ either out of ignorance or because of unplanned pregnancy(43).
Insufficient folate intake by pregnant women can causebirth defects such as spina bifida and neural tube defects, and the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine recommends that all women of childbearing age should get the RDA(400 micrograms) of folate, or 600 micrograms if they are pregnant.