反 周期 政策 英语是什么意思 - 英语翻译

• countercyclical policies
• counter-cyclical policies
• counter-cyclical policy
• countercyclical policy

在 中文 中使用 反 周期 政策 的示例及其翻译为 英语

反周期政策可以对就业产生重大影响。
Counter-cyclical policies can have a significant influence on employment.

这些政策包括反周期政策和国家直接大力干预经济等。
These included counter-cyclical policies and greater direct state intervention in the economy.

一些与会者指出，发展中国家必须有足够的政策空间执行反周期政策，还必须对其发展目标拥有国家自主权。
A number of participants noted the need of developing countries for adequate policy space to carry out countercyclical policies and for national ownership of their development goals.

虽然高收入国家正在执行各种反周期政策和刺激方案，穷国却没有资源或政策空间来采取类似办法。
While high-income countries are implementing counter-cyclical policies and stimulus plans, poor countries do not have the resources or the policy space to adopt similar approaches.

这些政策日益受到质疑，因为政策空间正在缩小，通过反周期政策来充分应对当前的金融和经济危机受到限制。
These policies are increasingly being questioned, as policy space is shrinking and adequate responses to the current financial and economic crisis through countercyclical policies are constrained.

反周期政策、债务减免和官方发展援助、外国直接投资和汇款流入对复苏都很重要。
Countercyclical policies, debt relief and official development assistance(ODA), foreign direct investment(FDI) and remittance flows have been important for recovery.

因此，理性预期理论意味着重复的反周期政策将会被预测到，从而不会影响实际的GDP或就业。
Rational expectations theory therefore implies that repeated counter-cyclical policies will be anticipated and are unlikely to affect real GDP or unemployment.

此外，反周期政策也是在向全世界发出信号：我们愿意承担全球责任。
Moreover, a counter-cyclical policy would signal to the world these countries' willingness to take on global responsibilities.

还需要作出更大的努力，以加强反周期政策的空间，在发展中国家尤其如此。
Greater efforts are also needed to strengthen countercyclical policy space, particularly in developing countries.

发展中国家仅有少量的资源可用来执行适当的反周期政策来抵消当前金融和经济危机所产生的影响。
Developing countries have fewer resources to implement appropriate counter-cyclical policies to counteract the impact of the current financial and economic crisis.

各国需要利用一系列适当的反周期政策以便经济和金融形势在面对冲击时能保持稳定，避免经济急剧波动。
Countries need to utilize the full scope of appropriate countercyclical policies to maintain economic and financial stability in the face of shocks to avoid abrupt economic fluctuations.

金融危机和随之而来的经济衰退将抑制发展中国家采用反周期政策来刺激经济的能力。
The financial crisis and ensuing recession will inhibit the capacity of developing countries to use counter-cyclical policy to stimulate their economies.

转型经济体所有这些日益增长的下跌风险，加上西欧的下跌风险，证明更必须采取反周期政策姿态。
All these increasing downside risks in the transition economies, together with those in Western Europe, reinforce the case for a counter-cyclical policy stance.

但是，许多发展中国家的反周期政策空间需要进一步加强，以减少这些国家在内外冲击面前的脆弱性。
However, countercyclical policy space in many developing countries needs to be further strengthened in order to reduce the vulnerability of these countries to both external and internal shocks.

大多数国家重点关注保护就业，并采取反周期政策，以防止出现导致严重失业的产出急剧下降。
Most countries have focused on employment preservation and adopted countercyclical policies to prevent steep output declines that would lead to severe job losses.

在这方面，应该扩大适当的反周期政策的范围，以保持经济和金融的稳定。
In this context, the scope for appropriate counter-cyclical policies to preserve economic and financial stability should be expanded.

宏观经济有一个就业和GDP的长期自然均衡水平，未被预测到的反周期政策很少能影响到经济。
The macroeconomy has a long-run equilibrium natural rate of unemployment and GDP from which unanticipated counter-cyclical policy can scarcely nudge the economy.

必须通过扩大政策空间使非洲各国能够执行反周期政策，采取措施保护自己，防止社会经济成果出现恶化。
African countries must be empowered through augmented policy space to implement countercyclical policies and to adopt measures that would protect them against the deterioration of socio-economic gains.

因此，法国唯一可以使用的反周期政策只剩下了财政政策：降低税率、增加支出。
So the only countercyclical policy available to France is fiscal: lower tax revenue and higher spending.

酌情实施资本账户条例，以便采取更积极的反周期政策，理顺开支，并改善发展中国家的外债状况.
Implement capital account regulations where appropriate to provide space for more active counter-cyclical policies to smooth spending and improve external debt profiles of developing countries.

资本账户条例可为采取更积极的反周期政策以理顺开支及改善发展中国家外债状况提供空间。
Capital account regulations can provide space for more active counter-cyclical policies to smooth spending and improve external debt profiles of developing countries.

虽然这可能会加强财政纪律，但各国使用财政政策作为反周期政策工具的能力也将受到限制。
Although this may contribute to more fiscal discipline, it will also limit their ability to use fiscal policy as a countercyclical policy tool.

一些发展中国家能够利用前10年经济稳定增长期间逐步建立的财政政策空间实施反周期政策，以应对危机。
Some developing countries were able to exploit fiscal policy space built up during the previous decade of solid economic growth to implement counter-cyclical policy responses to the crisis.

需要支持创造就业的积极主动的和公平的反周期政策，以缓减风险，确保持续的经济复苏。
Proactive and equitable countercyclical policies supportive of job creation were needed to mitigate risks and ensure sustained economic recovery.

独联体各资源丰富的经济体利用节省下来的财政资源以及油价高涨期间累积的储备得以采取反周期政策措施。
The resource-rich CIS economies have been able to take counter-cyclical policy measures, making use of saved fiscal resources and reserves accumulated during the oil-price boom.

较近期，外汇储备也使发展中国家拥有宝贵的资源执行应对全球衰退的反周期政策。
More recently, foreign reserves have provided developing countries with valuable resources to implement countercyclical policies in response to the global recession.

(c)发展中国家应该有更大空间来执行政策和建立机构，以使自己能够奉行适当的反周期政策；.
(c) Developing countries should have an expanded scope to implement policies and create institutions that will allow them to implement appropriate counter-cyclical policies;

除此之外，2008年年初的食品和能源危机也大大削弱了许多发展中国家采取反周期政策的能力。
That comes on top of the food and energy crises of early 2008, which have significantly reduced the capacity of many developing countries to adopt countercyclical policies.

因此，需要积极管理外国资本的流入，以确保它们支持政府的反周期政策。
Thus, an active management of foreign capital inflows will be required to ensure that they are supportive of the counter-cyclical policies of Governments.

官方发展援助承诺应该得到兑现，而且迫切需要追加提供资金，使各国能够执行适当的反周期政策。
Official development assistance commitments should be honoured, and there is an urgent need for additional funding to be provided so that countries can implement appropriate countercyclical policies.