Ví dụ về việc sử dụng Quantum theory of gravity trong Tiếng anh và bản dịch của chúng sang Tiếng việt
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In the quantum theory of gravity, on the other hand, a third possibility arises.
It is therefore essential to have a fully consistent quantum theory of gravity, if we are to understand the universe.
Constructing a quantum theory of gravity has been the outstanding problem in theoretical physics for the last 30 years.
Even today there are almost as many contending ideas for a quantum theory of gravity as scientists working on the topic.
Similarly, in the quantum theory of gravity, there are many different possible quantum states for the universe.
And we shall see, in later chapters,that we already know a fair amount about the predications a quantum theory of gravity must make.
One has to use a quantum theory of gravity to understand how the universe began.
This has been for many years one of the most important problems in theoretical physics-to formulate a quantum theory of gravity.
So one has to use a quantum theory of gravity to discuss the very early stages of the universe.
For many years this has been one of the most important problems in theoretical physics-formulating a quantum theory of gravity.
So one has to use a quantum theory of gravity to discuss the very early stages of the universe.
This has been for many years one of the most important problems in theoretical physics--to formulate a quantum theory of gravity.
The quantum theory of gravity has opened up a new possibility, in which there would be no boundary to space-time and so there would be no need to specify the behavior at the boundary.
To understand the origin and fate of the universe, we need a quantum theory of gravity, and this will be the subject of most of this book.
One disadvantage is that the universe's mirror-image lobes meet at a singularity,a pinch in space-time that requires the unknown quantum theory of gravity to understand.
On the other hand, the quantum theory of gravity has opened up a new possibility, in which there would be no boundary to space-time and so there would be no need to specify the behavior at the boundary.
Penrose, by contrast, wants the brain to solve uncomputable problems,by exploiting hypothetical collapse effects from a yet-to-bediscovered quantum theory of gravity.
Therefore, to understand the very high-density stage, when the universe was very small,one needs a quantum theory of gravity, which will combine General Relativity with the Uncertainty Principle.
One of the major endeavors in physics today, and the major theme of this book,is the search for a new theory that will incorporate them both- a quantum theory of gravity.
In a quantum theory of gravity, as we saw in the last chapter, in order to specify the state of the universe one would still have to say how the possible histories of the universe would behave at the boundary of space-time in the past.
That theory, quantum mechanics, will be described next,before we turn to the efforts to combine the two partial theories into a single quantum theory of gravity.
Rather it was because Ed Witten declared that string theory, was the true quantum theory of gravity, and supergravity was just an approximation, valid when particle energies are low, which in practice, they always are.
We cannot say that it is'the final truth' about the universe, since it is thought by many cosmologists that this classical theory will one day be replaced by a quantum cosmology that is based on a fully developed quantum theory of gravity.
This view of a quantum theory of gravity would be much more satisfactory, however, if one could show that, using the sum over histories, our universe is not just one of the possible histories but one of the most probable ones.
Yet, it does not offer answers on the cosmic scale, until attempts are made to unify the two major theories- The Quantum theory of electrodynamics which seems to govern everything small, and the general theory of relativity which dominates large things-into a single unified‘Quantum theory of gravity'.
This view of a quantum theory of gravity would be much more satisfactory, however, if one could show that, using the sum over histories, our universe is not just one of the possible histories but one of the most probable ones.
In the 1960s, Hawking and the Oxford University physicist Roger Penrose proved that when space-time bends steeply enough, such as inside a black hole or perhaps during the Big Bang, it inevitably collapses, curving infinitely steeply toward a singularity,where Einstein's equations break down and a new, quantum theory of gravity is needed.
Although a quantum theory of gravity is needed in order to reconcile general relativity with the principles of quantum mechanics, difficulties arise when one attempts to apply the usual prescriptions of quantum field theory to the force of gravity. .
This is non-trivial because the notions of quantum spacetime, which arise in quantum theories of gravity, are very different.