Ví dụ về việc sử dụng Spironolactone trong Tiếng anh và bản dịch của chúng sang Tiếng việt
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Product: Spironolactone Tablets.
Your doctor may recommendeplerenone if you have serious side effects with spironolactone.
Spironolactone is rapidly metabolized.
Some studies have found that 66% of women who took Spironolactone to have excellent improvement or complete clearing of the skin.
Spironolactone(Aldactone) has been used for many years as a relatively weak diuretic in the treatment of various diseases.
Sulfur-containing products are the predominant metabolites and are thought to be primarily responsible,together with spironolactone, for the therapeutic effects of the drug.
In males, drugs such as spironolactone and flutamide can be used to treat the behavioral issues associated with androgen excess.
The amount of potassium in your blood can also get too high if you takepotassium iodide with potassium-sparing diuretics, such as spironolactone(Aldactone®) and amiloride(Midamor®).
In combination with spironolactone it is sold under the brand name of Aldactacine and Aldactazine by Pfizer and other names by other companies.[1][2].
After the diagnosis of hyperaldosteronism hasbeen established by more definitive testing procedures, spironolactone may be administered in doses of 100 mg to 400 mg daily in preparation for surgery.
Although the plasma half-life of spironolactone itself is short(1.3 hours) the half-lives of the active metabolites are longer(ranging from 2.8 to 11.2 hours).
Thus, interactions are to be expected with known P-glycoprotein inhibitors such as amiodarone, bepridil, diltiazem, ciclosporin, itraconazole, quinine,quinidine, spironolactone, and verapamil.[1].
A variety of drugs, including diethylstilbestrol, heroin, digitalis, spironolactone, cimetidine, isoniazid, and tricyclic antidepressants, also can cause gyneco- mastia.
On its own, spironolactone is only a weak diuretic because it primarily targets the distal nephron(collecting tubule), where only small amounts of sodium are reabsorbed, but it can be combined with other diuretics to increase efficacy.
It has less relative affinity to other steroid hormone receptors thancurrently available antimineralocorticoids such as eplerenone and spironolactone, which should result in fewer adverse effects like gynaecomastia, impotence, and low libido[1][2].
Spironolactone, similarly to other steroidal antiandrogens such as cyproterone acetate, is actually not a pure, or silent, antagonist of the AR, but rather is a weak partial agonist with the capacity for both antagonistic and agonistic effects.
As a result of these data,many have argued that the true effect of spironolactone was not seen in the Russia/Georgia population and thus, the original TOPCAT trial results cannot be applied to the general population.
The drug enhances the action of steroid hormones, indirect anticoagulants, heparin, reserpine, hypoglycemic drugs, reduces the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs,furosemide, spironolactone and anti-arthritic drugs that promote the excretion of uric acid.
For patients who are considered unsuitable for surgery, spironolactone may be employed for long-term maintenance therapy at the lowest effective dosage determined for the individual patient.
The combination of drugs blocking angiotensin II and its effects, including losartan, with potassium supplements, potassium salts and potassium-sparing diuretics(amiloride,triamterene, spironolactone, etc.) can cause an increase in the serum level of potassium.
The AR antagonism of spironolactone mostly underlies its antiandrogen activity and is responsible for its therapeutic benefits in the treatment of androgen- dependent conditions like acne, hirsutism, and pattern hair loss and its usefulness in hormone therapy for transgender women.
A manufacturer, LoSalt, has issued an advisory statement[6] that people taking the following prescription drugs should not use a salt substitute: amiloride, triamterene, Dytac,captopril& other angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, spironolactone, and eplerenone.
However, in the presence of sufficiently high levels of potent full agonists like testosterone and DHT( the cases in which spironolactone is usually used even with regards to the" lower" relative levels present in females), spironolactone will behave more similarly to a pure antagonist.
The loss of the C7α acetylthio group of spironolactone, a compound with negligible progestogenic activity,[37][38] appears to be involved in the restoration of progestogenic activity in drospirenone, as SC-5233, the analogue of spironolactone without a C7α substitution, has potent progestogenic activity similarly to drospirenone.
A number of antiandrogens have been associated with hepatotoxicity.[90] These include, to varying extents, cyproterone acetate, flutamide, nilutamide, bicalutamide, aminoglutethimide, and ketoconazole.[90]In contrast, spironolactone, enzalutamide,[91] and other antiandrogens are not associated with hepatotoxicity.
Steroidal antiandrogens include compounds like cyproterone acetate, spironolactone, estradiol, abiraterone acetate, and finasteride; nonsteroidal antiandrogens include compounds like bicalutamide, elagolix, diethylstilbestrol, aminoglutethimide, and ketoconazole; and peptides include GnRH analogues like leuprorelin and cetrorelix.
A dose-related(above 20 mg/kg/day) incidence of myelocytic leukemia was observed in rats fed daily doses of potassium canrenoate(a compound chemically similar to spironolactone and whose primary metabolite, canrenone, is also a major product of spironolactone in man) for a period of one year.
Canrenone is reportedly more potent as an antimineralocorticoid relative to spironolactone, but is considerably less potent and effective as an antiandrogen.[11][12] Similarly to spironolactone, canrenone inhibits steroidogenic enzymes such as 11β-hydroxylase, cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, 17α-hydroxylase, 17,20-lyase, and 21-hydroxylase, but once again, is comparatively less potent in doing so.[13].
Potassium canrenoate(INN, JAN) or canrenoate potassium(USAN)(brand names Venactone, Soldactone), also known as aldadiene kalium,[1] the potassium salt of canrenoic acid,is an aldosterone antagonist of the spirolactone group.[2] Like spironolactone, it is a prodrug, and is metabolized to active canrenone in the body.[3][4].
Some cases may be cured by removing the adenoma by surgery.[1] A single adrenal gland may also be removed in cases where only one is enlarged.[4] In cases due to enlargement of both glands,treatment is typically with medications known as aldosterone antagonists such as spironolactone or eplerenone.[1] Other medications for high blood pressure and a low salt diet may also be needed.[1][4] Some people with familial hyperaldosteronism may be treated with the steroid dexamethasone.[1].