Eksempler på brug af Divergence of character på Engelsk og deres oversættelser til Dansk
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We must not, however, assume that divergence of character is a necessary contingency;
The whole subject, however, treated as it necessarily here is with much brevity, is rather perplexing, andallusions cannot be avoided to the"struggle for existence,""divergence of character," and other questions, hereafter to be discussed.
We must not, however, assume that divergence of character is a necessary contingency;
This fundamental subject of Natural Selection will be treated at some length in the fourth chapter; and we shall then see how Natural Selection almost inevitably causes much Extinction of the less improved forms of life, andleads to what I have called Divergence of Character.
Natural selection, as has just been remarked, leads to divergence of character and to much extinction of the less improved and intermediate forms of life.
If each species has been independently created, no explanation can be given of this great fact in the classification of all organic beings; but it is explained through inheritance andthe complex action of natural selection, entailing extinction and divergence of character, as we have seen illustrated in the diagram.
Now let us see how this principle of benefit being derived from divergence of character, combined with the principles of natural selection and of extinction, tends to act.
The fact, as we have seen, that all past and present organic beings can be arranged within a few great classes, in groups subordinate to groups, and with the extinct groups often falling in between the recent groups,is intelligible on the theory of natural selection with its contingencies of extinction and divergence of character.
We must not, however, assume that divergence of character is a necessary contingency; it depends solely on the descendants from a species being thus enabled to seize on many and different places in the economy of nature.
This is represented in the diagram by the letter F14 All the many forms, extinct and recent, descended from(A), make, as before remarked, one order; andthis order, from the continued effects of extinction and divergence of character, has become divided into several sub-families and families, some of which are supposed to have perished at different periods, and some to have endured to the present day.
We must not, however, assume that divergence of character is a necessary contingency; it depends solely on the descendants from a species being thus enabled to seize on many and different places in the economy of nature.
The spreading of man to regions widely separated by the sea, no doubt,preceded any great amount of divergence of character in the several races; for otherwise we should sometimes meet with the same race in distinct continents; and this is never the case.
Natural selection, also, leads to divergence of character; for the more organic beings diverge in structure, habits, and constitution, by so much can a greater number be supported on the same area,-of which we see proof by looking to the inhabitants of any small spot or to naturalised productions.
All the many forms, extinct and recent, descended from(A), make, as before remarked, one order; andthis order, from the continued effects of extinction and divergence of character, has become divided into several sub-families and families, some of which are supposed to have perished at different periods, and some to have endured to the present day.
Natural selection, also, leads to divergence of character; for the more organic beings diverge in structure, habits, and constitution, by so much can a greater number be supported on the same area,-of which we see proof by looking to the inhabitants of any small spot or to naturalised productions.
Finally, we have seen that natural selection, which results from the struggle for existence, andwhich almost inevitably leads to extinction and divergence of character in the descendants from one dominant parent-species, explains that great and universal feature in the affinities of all organic beings, namely, their subordination in group under group.
We can understand,from the continued tendency to divergence of character, why the more ancient a form is, the more it generally differs from those now living; why ancient and extinct forms often tend to fill up gaps between existing forms, sometimes blending two groups, previously classed as distinct, into one; but more commonly bringing them only a little closer together.
I need allude only to two other objections: a distinguished botanist, Mr. H. C. Watson,believes that I[page] 158 have overrated the importance of divergence of character(in which, however, he apparently believes), and that convergence of character, as it may be called, has likewise played a part. This is an intricate subject which need not be fully discussed.