Eksempler på brug af Schultz and colleagues på Engelsk og deres oversættelser til Dansk
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Simultaneous to the first condition, Schultz and colleagues also ran a second condition.
In general, Schultz and colleagues' experiment appears to have high internal validity, but this is not always the case;
And Allcott(2011) shows that the Opower experiments had a smaller estimated treated effect than the original experiments by Schultz and colleagues 1.7% versus 5.
In fact, Schultz and colleagues were worried about this problemand they had a sample of meters read twice;
They consistently show that Home Energy Reports reduce average electricity consumption,a result that supports the original findings of Schultz and colleagues from 300 homes in California.
Then, Schultz and colleagues measured the effect of these messages on electricity consumption, both after one week and after three weeks;
Overall, the design and results of the study by Schultz and colleagues(2007) show the value of moving beyond simple experiments.
When Schultz and colleagues looked at the resulting energy usage in this group, the treatment appeared to have no effect, either in the short-term or the long-term;
They consistently show that Home Energy Reports reduce average electricity consumption,a result that supports the original findings of Schultz and colleagues from 300 homes in California.
The experiment of Schultz and colleagues doesn't really have a control group in the same way that randomized controlled experiments do.
In order to illustrate these three concepts in action, I will describe a number of follow-up partially digital field experiments that built on the elegant design and exciting results of Schultz and colleagues 2007.
In particular, the experiment of Schultz and colleagues doesn't really have a control group in the same way that randomized controlled experiments do.
In order to show the value of moving beyond simple experiments,let's consider an analog field experiment by P. Wesley Schultz and colleagues on the relationship between social normsand energy consumption Schultz et al.
Schultz and colleagues hung doorhangers on 300 households in San Marcos, California, and these doorhangers delivered different messages designed to encourage energy conservation.
In order to show the value of moving beyond simple experiments, let's consider one of myfavorite analog field experiments, a study by P. Wesley Schultz and colleagues on the relationship between social norms and energy consumption Schultz et al.
Schultz and colleagues hung doorhangers on 300 households in San Marcos, California, and these doorhangers delivered different messages designed to encourage energy conservation.
For example, the analog field experiment of Schultz and colleagues(2007) on electricity usage required research assistants to travel to each home to deliver the treatment and read the electric meter figure 4.3.
Schultz and colleagues called this the descriptive normative condition because the information about the energy use in their neighborhood provided information about typical behavior i.e., a descriptive norm.
For example, the analog field experiment of Schultz and colleagues(2007) on social normsand electricity usage required research assistants to travel to each home to deliver the treatment and read the electric meter Figure 4.3.
Further, Schultz and colleagues anticipated this possibility,and in the second condition they deployed a slightly different treatment, one explicitly designed to eliminate the boomerang effect.
The two experiments in Schultz and colleagues'(2007) study on social normsand energy use illustrate a within-subjects design: the researchers compared the electricity use of participants before and after receiving the treatment.
The two experiments in Schultz and colleague's(2007) study on social normsand energy use illustrate a within-subjects design.