Exemplos de uso de Cohort and case-control em Inglês e suas traduções para o Português
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Thus, a total of 14 studies,all of Evidence Level 4- cohort and case-control studies.
In May 2010 we reviewed cohort and case-control analytical studies from 2007 to 2010 in the PubMed, LILACS, and SciELO databases.
Methods: two systematic reviews with meta-analyses were conducted including cohort and case-control studies carried out in countries of the americas.
We excluded 584 studies for the following reasons: off-topic; editorials or letters; narrative reviews; case study; cardiac studies; duplicates;published protocols; and cohort and case-control studies.
Previous cohort and case-control studies have indicated that sleep disorders are related to an increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseaseand even an independent risk factor for the development of that disease.
No consistent effect was demonstrated, but these effects cannot be refuted due to the low quality and short duration of the cohort and case-control studies that have been conducted so far.
In another recent meta-analysis which analyzed cohort and case-control studies, Roerrecke& Rehm 2010 observed that the cardioprotective effect of moderate alcohol consumption disappears when light or moderate drinking is mixed with irregular heavy drinking sessions.
The analysis of the levels of evidence showed that most of the articles studied were Level IV, i.e.,the evidence for the hygiene interventions stemmed from well-designed cohort and case-control studies.
Randomized, quasi-randomized, non-randomized trials were included,as well as comparative observational studies(cohort and case-control) which evaluated the nipple sparing mastectomy in the treatment of women with invasive breast cancer or in situ.
In this study, the authors considered exclusively cohort and case-control studies whose target populations were composed of adultsand the outcome was set on the confirmation of blood pressure> 140/90 mmHg or when the participant reported medical diagnosis of AH.
Inclusion criteria were: type of exposure related to social determinants present in the matrix by Dahlgren and Whitehead, the outcome of interest mortality in the elderly by all causes,study type analytical, cohort and case-control studies and age range of the sample studies that included individuals aged 60 years or more.
Thus, we excluded studies with lower evidence drawings,such as case reports including cohort and case-control of lower quality- level of evidence 4and expert opinions with lacks of critical evaluation or based on basic materials evidence level 5.
Ecological correlations e.g., increased incidence of cancer in countries with less sun exposure, higher cancer mortality in the winter and among black individuals and some isolated observational studies cohort and case-control associated low serum 25OHD3 levels with higher cancer incidenceand mortality, although other studies have not confirmed this association.
The following categorization was adopted: level 1- systematic review, level 2- clinical trial;level 3- cohort and case-control studies, level 4- number of cases; level 5- narrative review and others example: a biomechanical, anatomical, of accuracy, or of basic science study.
Method: systematic review and meta-analysis investigated in the bvs databases, ebsco, capes, cochrane, pubmed, embase, medline, hih, pubfacts and afpp, with the inclusion criteria controlled clinical trials,randomized, cohort and case-control available electronicallyand published in english, portuguese and spanish, without restriction period and related to the topic.
Note that the evidence levels vary 1-7, as follows: level 1- meta-analysis or systematic reviews; level 2- randomized controlled clinical trial; level 3- clinical trial without randomization;level 4- cohort and case-control studies; level 5- systematic reviews of descriptiveand qualitative studies; level 6- descriptive or qualitative studies; and level 7- expert opinion.
These published papers described 32 original studies: 30 case series,one cohort and one case-control study.
Book chapters, conference abstracts, review articles, case reports, consensus, editorials, guidelines, correspondences,clinical trials, cohort studies and case-control studies were excluded.
Of these, book chapters, conference abstracts, review studies, case reports, consensus, editorials, guidelines, correspondences,clinical trials, cohort studies and case-control were excluded.
In their evidence-based meta-analysis,Taylor et al. considered five cohort and five case-control studies on this topic, involving 1 256 407 and 9920 children, respectively.
We point out that two of those positive associations between higher volumes of sedentary behavior and“high levels of body weight” derive from longitudinal studies one cohort and one case-control Table 3.
We included articles whose study design were cohort, case-control and sectional and were excluded from the articles of literature review, letters to the editor, reports and editorials, articles with animal study and articles related to environmental exposure.
It included 10 articles, eight cross-sectional studies, case-control and cohort.
In order to understand this relationship more clearly, case-control and cohort studies are needed.
Inclusion criteria- Reports on systematic reviews, controlled trials either randomized or quasi-randomized were considered as eligible, were they clinical trials, non-experimental trials orobservational studies cohort, case-control and cross-sectional.
Exclusion criteria: Non-randomized trials, cohort, case-control and case report; patients undergoing emergency procedure and dealing only with benign esophageal diseases.
A total of 18 items are common to cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studiesand four items are specific for each one of the three study designs.