Exemplos de uso de Phonemic level em Inglês e suas traduções para o Português
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The change in the category of phonemic decoding reveals processing problems in a phonemic level.
These are likely to be the reasons why the phonemic level changed, even though the education level remained the same.
Table 2 shows the means andstandard deviations for performance on phonological awareness test syllabic level, phonemic level and total for each age group group.
Figure 1 illustrates the performance on tasks of syllabic and phonemic level of CONFIAS at T1, T2, and T3, moments in which the participant had different writing hypothesis.
Moreover, a few researchers have been concerned about assessing the influence of the sex variable related to phonological awareness skills,especially at the phonemic level.
The maximum score is 40 hits in the syllabic level and 30 hits in the phonemic level, totaling 70 points, corresponding to 100% correct.
It is understood here that phonological awareness refers to the ability to manipulate thesounds of a language, and can be subdivided into various skills both syllabic and phonemic levels.
In the syllabic level the maximum score was equivalent to 40 hits, and in the phonemic level, 30 hits, totaling 70 points, which corresponds to 100.
The second part involves the phonemic level, arranged in seven items: production of a word that begins with a given sound, initial phoneme identification, final phoneme identification, exclusion, synthesis, segmentation and transposition.
So, to perform segmentation tasks- whether in syllabic intra-syllabic or phonemic level- the reader needs sound and graphic familiarity with the language.
The ability to consciously manipulate the segments of connected speech has been widely investigated and accepted as the metalinguistic knowledge that children exhibit at the syllabic,intra-syllabic and phonemic levels of words.
However, it was observed that in the posttest,the evidence involving phonemic level were those that had the highest rate of improvement, especially in public schools.
On phonemic level were included: tasks of subtraction of initial, medial or final position; phonemic synthesis and segmentation of words from three to seven phonemes; identification of words with the same phonemes in initial, medial and final position, and transposition of words with two to five phonemes.
For this, the skills in identification, analysis, synthesis andmanipulation of phonological components in syllabic and phonemic levels, which make up the phonological awareness.
Rapid automatized naming,phonological awareness in phonemic level, working memory, verbal ability, vocabulary, morphological awareness, reading accuracy and monitoring comprehension.
CONCLUSION: It was found that the influence of vocabulary and, above all, the acquisition of phonemes in the phonological awareness skills at the phonemic level were greater than the influence of intelligence.
An important finding of this study was the observation that children in private schools already had knowledge of phonemic level in the pretest because fared well on the combination of initial phonemes test 4 and representation of phonemes for letters test 6 undeveloped skill in public school children, those being the only skills that differed among the schools, although private school children have shown a better performance in all the tests of the pretest.
However, these data are not consistent with studieswhich observed that female children had better performance in tasks of phonological awareness,especially at phonemic level, i.e. they have better performance in smaller sound units of speech, which was not observed in this study.
This instrument is composed by items which identify and compose the phonologic skills of analysis, addiction, segmentation, subtraction, substitution, rhymes, sequential rhymes, syllabic reversion and articulatory image; and may be applied on children among five to 10 years old, although,the items that evaluate the phonemic level only are applied on children with age higher than 7.
The study of phonological sensitivity in preschoolers with phonological disorder is justified when considering that:1 phonological sensitivity is a predictor of meta-phonological skills at the phonemic level, which, in turn, are important to the literacy process; 2 phonological alteration, still present at this phase, may also negatively influence this process.
Likewise, the contrast between over-expected development in receptive vocabulary and under-performing performance showed differences between groups in favor of the first in the tasks of judgment of rhymes andsyllabic level, while in the phonemic level this difference occurred in the subtraction task and in the total score of phonemic awareness tasks.
To evaluate the PA, we used the Sequential Assessment CONFIAS, containing two parts: syllabic level, consisting of nine items synthesis, segmentation, identification of initial syllable, rhyme identification, word production with given syllable, identification of medial syllable, rhyme production, exclusion,and transposition and phonemic level, consisting of seven items production word that begins with the given sound, initial phoneme identification, final phoneme identification, exclusion, synthesis, segmentation, and transposition.
Thus, in our sample, the difficulty at the stabilization of the production of the contrast[+ voice] does not seem to be related to a difficulty in a perceptual level, more specifically, at the level of phonemic discrimination of these sounds.
Phonological awareness at the level of awareness of words and syllables and level of phonemic awareness;